Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 5 Diinagdee kutaa 9: Seensa Oomishaa fi Baasii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 9 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

3
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5: 62–76
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 maal haguuga

1.Definition of Production, Inputs and Outputs
2.Periods of Production
3.Cost of Production

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 5

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 9 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Baasii DiinagdeeFoormulaa

\text{Economic Cost} = \text{Explicit Cost} + \text{Implicit Cost}

\text{Economic Cost} = \text{Explicit Cost} + \text{Implicit Cost}

$\text{Economic Cost}$: Baasii diinagdee waliigalaa (Economic Cost) $Birr$
$\text{Explicit Cost}$: Baasii ifaa kan kaffaltii qabatamaa maallaqaan raawwatamu (Explicit Cost) $Birr$
$\text{Implicit Cost}$: Baasii dhokataa kan qabeenya ofiitti fayyadamuun shallagamu (Implicit Cost) $Birr$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kaffaltii kallattii fi gatii qabeenya ofii dabaluun baasii diinagdee waliigalaa shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Baasiin herregaa baasii ifaa qofa kan ilaallatu yoo ta'u, baasiin diinagdee garuu baasii dhokataas of keessatti qabata.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 62-76 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Walitti Dhufeenya Sarara OomishaaGabatee wabiiMP > AP · MP = AP · MP < AP · +2

Haala	Amala Sarara Oomishaa
$MP > AP$	$AP$ is rising
$MP = AP$	$AP$ is at its maximum
$MP < AP$	$AP$ is falling
$MP = 0$	$TP$ is at its maximum
$MP < 0$	$TP$ is declining

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Oomishni waliigalaa fi oomishni giddu-galeessaa gatii oomisha dabalataa irratti hundaa'anii akkamitti akka jijjiiraman beekuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Oomishni giddu-galeessaa kan baay'ee olka'u yeroo oomishni dabalataa isa wajjin qixxee ta'u qofaadha.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 62-76 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Waliigala Baasii Yeroo GabaabaaFoormulaa

TC = TFC + TVC

TC = TFC + TVC

$TC$: Waliigala baasii oomishaa (Total Cost) $Birr$
$TFC$: Baasii dhaabbataa kan hamma oomishaan hin jijjiiramne (Total Fixed Cost) $Birr$
$TVC$: Baasii jijjiiramaa kan hamma oomishaa wajjin jijjiiramu (Total Variable Cost) $Birr$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Baasii waliigalaa dhaabbanni tokko yeroo gabaabaa keessatti baasii dhaabbataa fi jijjiiramaa irraa baasu shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Oomishni eeroo yeroo ta'utti baasiin dhaabbataan waan jiruuf, baasiin waliigalaa baasii dhaabbataa wajjin qixxee ta'a.

Grade 9 Economics, fuula 62-76 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

In economics, what is the definition of production?

A.The process of consuming finished goods and services
B.The process of transforming inputs into outputs
C.The process of setting market prices for goods
D.The process of borrowing funds from a bank

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The process of transforming inputs into outputs

Sababa

Production is defined as the process of transforming inputs into outputs, such as combining land, labor, and seeds to produce wheat.

Gaaffii 2

A period of production in which at least one input is fixed while other inputs are variable is known as the:

A.short run
B.long run
C.market period
D.planning horizon

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A short run

Sababa

The short run refers to a period of production in which at least one input is fixed while the remaining inputs are variable.

Gaaffii 3

Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost for a bakery owner in Hawassa?

A.Monthly wages paid to hired bakers
B.Payment for sacks of flour bought from a supplier
C.The estimated rent of the owner's own building used for the bakery
D.Electricity bills paid to the utility office

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C The estimated rent of the owner's own building used for the bakery

Sababa

Implicit costs are the values of non-purchased, self-owned resources used in production, such as the estimated rent of the owner's own building.

Gaaffii 4

A small workshop in Gondar has a total fixed cost (TFC) of 60 birr and a total variable cost (TVC) of 40 birr when making 2 tables. What is the total cost (TC)?

A.20 birr
B.60 birr
C.100 birr
D.120 birr

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 100 birr

Sababa

Total Cost is the sum of total fixed cost and total variable cost: TC = TFC + TVC. Here, 60 + 40 = 100 birr.

Gaaffii 5

According to the textbook, which of the following is classified as an intangible product?

A.Machinery
B.Health care
C.Vehicles
D.Equipment

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Health care

Sababa

Intangible products do not have a physical existence and cannot be touched. Examples include travel, insurance, consulting, education, and health care.

Gaaffii 6

What happens to the marginal product (MP) when total product (TP) reaches its maximum level?

A.MP reaches its maximum
B.MP equals average product
C.MP becomes zero
D.MP becomes negative

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C MP becomes zero

Sababa

When total product (TP) reaches its maximum, the marginal product (MP) becomes zero. After this point, if TP declines, MP becomes negative.

Gaaffii 7

A teff farm in Debre Markos employs 4 workers and produces a total product of 76 quintals of teff. What is the average product of labor (AP)?

A.14 quintals per worker
B.19 quintals per worker
C.25 quintals per worker
D.76 quintals per worker

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 19 quintals per worker

Sababa

Average product is calculated by dividing total product by the number of workers: AP = TP / L = 76 / 4 = 19 quintals per worker.

Gaaffii 8

In economics, total economic cost is equal to:

A.explicit cost plus implicit cost
B.total fixed cost minus total variable cost
C.accounting cost minus explicit cost
D.average cost multiplied by marginal cost

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A explicit cost plus implicit cost

Sababa

Economic cost includes both explicit costs (actual cash outlays) and implicit costs (the opportunity costs of self-owned resources): Economic cost = implicit cost + explicit cost.

Gaaffii 9

When the marginal product (MP) curve lies above the average product (AP) curve, what happens to average product?

A.AP is falling
B.AP is at its minimum
C.AP is at its maximum
D.AP is rising

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D AP is rising

Sababa

So long as the MP curve lies above the AP curve (MP > AP), the average product (AP) curve slopes upward and AP is rising.

Gaaffii 10

A shoe workshop in Addis Ababa has a total cost of 120 birr when producing 3 pairs of shoes and 125 birr when producing 4 pairs of shoes. What is the marginal cost (MC) of the 4th pair?