Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 10 Qonna kutaa 11: Seensa Qabeenya Uumamaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 10 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

2
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 10: 160–178
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 10

Asii jalqabi

Barnoota Temari boqonnaa 10

Barnoota viidiyoo gabaabaa boqonnaa kanaa, kan Temari'n qopheesse. Yommuu play tuqxu qofa fe'ama. Barnoonni kun Afaan Ingiliziitiin.

Acid soil in the highlands, salt in the lowlands · daqiiqaa 4 · Gaaffii qormaata darbe 2 hojjetaman

Kutaalee barnootaa

Barnoota achii jalqabee taphachiisuuf kutaa tokko tuqi.

Boqonnaan 10 maal haguuga

1.Definition and importance of natural
2.Major types of natural resources
3.Causes and consequences of degradation

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 10

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Gosoota fi Mala Miidhama BiyyooGabatee wabiiWater erosion · Wind erosion · Soil acidification · +2

Gosa Miidhamaa	Sababa Guddaa	Naannoo Itti Baay'atu	Dhiibbaa Guddaa
Water erosion	Biyyee saaxilame irratti rooba cimaan roobuu	Highlands (Baddaa)	Topsoil fi nutrient dhabamuu
Wind erosion	Uwwisa biqiltootaa gadi aanaa fi biyyee gogaa	Lowlands (Gammoojjii)	Topsoil oomishaa ta'e haramuun dhabamuu
Soil acidification	Leaching basic ions ( $K^+$ , $Ca^{2+}$ , $Mg^{2+}$ , $Na^+$ )	Highlands (Baddaa)	pHn 7 gadi bu'uu, dhiyeessiin nutrient hir'achuu
Soil salinization	Jallisii soogidda qabu, evapotranspiration olaanaa	Lowlands (Rift Valley)	White salt crust uumamuu, plant dehydration
Physical degradation	Intensive tillage, maashinaroota ulfaatoo, overgrazing	Lafoota qotaman (Cultivated lands)	Soil compaction, guddinni hundee fi aeration hir'achuu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Adeemsa miidhama biyyoo fiizikaalaa, keemikaalaa fi haramuu biyyoo akkasumas naannoo itti uumaman adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Haramuun biyyoo bishaanii fi koomaynina biyyoo baddaa keessatti akka baay'atu, haramuun qilleensaa fi soogiddoominni biyyoo ammoo gammoojjii keessatti akka baay'atu yaadadhaa.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 163-181 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Safartuuwwan Qabeenya UumamaaGabatee wabiiBiyyee albuudaa baramaa · Biyyee midhaan baay'eef mijataa ta'e · Biyyee Itoophiyaa · +2

Sirna ykn Qabeenya	Kutaa ykn Amala	Gatii Bu'uuraa
Biyyee albuudaa baramaa	Albuudota	$45\%$
Biyyee albuudaa baramaa	Organic material	$5\%$
Biyyee albuudaa baramaa	Pore space (bishaanii fi qilleensa)	Bishaan $25\%$ , qilleensa $25\%$
Biyyee midhaan baay'eef mijataa ta'e	Soil reaction (pH)	$6.5\text{ hanga }7.2$
Biyyee Itoophiyaa	Biyyee asiidiin miidhame	Tilmaamaan $40\%$
Raabsa bishaan addunyaa	Garbootaa fi galaanota	Tilmaamaan $97\%$
Raabsa bishaan addunyaa	Freshwater fi ice caps/glaciers	Bishaan mi'aawaa $2\%$ , cabbii/glaciers $1\%$
Qabiyyee atmosphere	Nitrogen ( $N_2$ ) fi Oxygen ( $O_2$ )	$78\%\text{ }N_2$ , $21\%\text{ }O_2$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qabiyyee biyyoo fi qilleensaa, raabsa bishaanii fi hamma pH biyyoo barbaachisaa ta'e yaadachuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Iddoon duwwaa biyyoo keessaa bishaan ( $25\%$ ) fi qilleensa ( $25\%$ ) qaba malee albuudotaan hin qabamu.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 163-181 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 10

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable natural resource?

A.Forest
B.Coal
C.Water
D.Atmospheric air

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Coal

Sababa

Non-renewable resources cannot regenerate themselves after being used once. Coal, oil, and minerals are non-renewable, while forests, water, and air are renewable resources.

Gaaffii 2

What percentage of a typical mineral soil is made up of mineral particles?

A.5%
B.25%
C.45%
D.70%

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 45%

Sababa

A typical mineral soil contains about 45% minerals, 5% organic material, 25% water, and 25% air.

Gaaffii 3

According to the textbook, what is the source of the Abbay River basin in Ethiopia?

A.Ginchi
B.Sekela, West Gojam
C.Bale mountains
D.Lasta/Gidan

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Sekela, West Gojam

Sababa

The Abbay River basin originates in Sekela, West Gojam, and flows west toward the Sudan border.

Gaaffii 4

A wildlife species that is at risk of total extinction throughout its habitat range is classified as:

A.Threatened
B.Endangered
C.Non-native
D.Degraded

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Endangered

Sababa

An endangered species is at risk of extinction or disappearance throughout its range of habitats, whereas threatened species are those that may become endangered in the near future.

Gaaffii 5

For most agricultural crops, what is the most suitable soil pH range for healthy growth?

A.4.0 to 5.0
B.5.5 to 6.0
C.6.5 to 7.2
D.8.0 to 8.5

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 6.5 to 7.2

Sababa

The most suitable soil pH for most crops is between 6.5 and 7.2. Values below this range indicate acidic conditions that reduce crop yield.

Gaaffii 6

Of the total water available globally, what percentage is found in oceans and seas?

A.97%
B.70%
C.25%
D.2%

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 97%

Sababa

Approximately 97% of the total global water is found in oceans and seas, 2% is fresh water, and 1% is frozen in ice caps and glaciers.

Gaaffii 7

While soil erosion in the Ethiopian highlands is mainly caused by water, what is the main natural force causing soil erosion in the lowlands?

A.Wind
B.Heavy rainfall
C.Leaching
D.Flooding

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Wind

Sababa

Soil erosion is mainly caused by water in the highlands where rainfall is high, and by wind in the lowlands where vegetation cover is low.

Gaaffii 8

According to the textbook, arid areas are defined as areas that receive an annual rainfall of:

A.Less than 25 mm
B.Less than 50 mm
C.Between 100 mm and 200 mm
D.Above 500 mm

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Less than 25 mm

Sababa

Arid areas receive less than 25 mm of rainfall per year, while semi-arid areas receive less than 50 mm of annual rainfall.

Gaaffii 9

Soil acidification in the highland areas of Ethiopia is mainly caused by the leaching of which basic nutrient ions?

A.Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
B.Potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium
C.Iron, aluminum, and zinc
D.Chlorine, copper, and boron

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium

Sababa

Soil acidification develops when water washes away basic nutrient ions, specifically potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, from the topsoil through leaching.

Gaaffii 10

What combined percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas?

A.78%
B.90%
C.97%
D.99%

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D 99%

Sababa

Nitrogen makes up 78% and oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere, which together account for 99% of all atmospheric gases.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 10

Boqonnaan 10 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 160 hanga fuula 178 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 11 hunda

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