Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 9 Qonna kutaa 11: Oomishaa fi Bulchiinsa Loon Aannanii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 9 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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5
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 9
132–159
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 9

Boqonnaan 9 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Dairy cattle breeds and thier selection
  2. 2.Feeding management of dairy cattle
  3. 3.Milk production and processing
  4. 4.Dairy cattle housing management
  5. 5.Major diseases of dairy cattle and their control
  6. 6.Profitability in dairy business

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 9

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

DMI=BW×c\text{DMI} = \text{BW} \times c
DMI\text{DMI}
Nyaata gogaa guyyaa keessatti barbaachisukg\text{kg}
BW\text{BW}
Ulfaatinna qaama saawwaakg\text{kg}
cc
Hamma fudhannaa (saawwa idileetiif 0.03, saawwa guyyaatti aannan 25 L ol kennituuf 0.04)dimensionless\text{dimensionless}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Hamma nyaata gogaa guyyaa saawwi aannanii ulfaatina qaamaa irratti hundaa'uun barbaaddu shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Nyaata gogaa keessaa harki lama sadii keessaa coqorsa ykn citaa irraa, harki tokko ammoo nyaata furdisaa irraa ta'uu qaba. Saawwi aannan liitira 1 oomishuuf bishaan liitira 5 barbaaddi.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 135-162 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

SanyiMaddaOomisha Aannanii Tursiisa TokkottiDhibbeentaa Dhadhaa
Holstein FriesianNetherlands> 6600 L3.6%3.6\%
JerseyUnited KingdomGiddu galeessa5.0%5.0\%
FogeraEthiopia (Gondar)915 L5.8%5.8\%
Barca (Begait)Eritrea / Ethiopia682 LJijjiiramaa
Arsi-BaleEthiopia (Arsi / Bale)Hanga 516 L5.4−5.8%5.4 - 5.8\%
HorroEthiopia (Wollega)Hanga 543 LJijjiiramaa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sanyiin loon aannanii biyya keessaa fi sanyiin alaa oomisha aannanii fi qabiyyee dhiitootiin yeroo walbira qabaman fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Hoolisteen Firiiziyaaniin aannan baay'ee kan kennu ta'us, dhibbeentaan dhadhaa isaa kan Joorsii fi sanyiilee biyya keessaa gadi.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 135-162 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Marsaa aannanii keessatti toftaa soorata saawwanii karoorsuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Fiixeen oomisha aannanii dhaloota booda torban 4 hanga 10tti dhufa, fudhannaan nyaata gogaa garuu boodarra hanga torban 10tti gaha. Kunis hanqina anniisaa fi hir'ina ulfaatina qaamaa fida.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 135-162 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

OomishaHo'a / BaktiriiTursiisa / Qabiyyee
Pasteurized milk (LTLT)63−65 ∘C63 - 65\text{ }^\circ\text{C}20−30 min20 - 30\text{ min}
Pasteurized milk (HTST)72−75 ∘C72 - 75\text{ }^\circ\text{C}15−30 s15 - 30\text{ s}
Yogurt (Itittuu)L. bulgaricus + S. thermophilus (1:1)32−47 ∘C32 - 47\text{ }^\circ\text{C} turtii 5 h5\text{ h} tiif
Butter (Dhadhaa)14−17 ∘C14 - 17\text{ }^\circ\text{C} irratti kan raasame80−85% fat, 15−16% water80 - 85\%\text{ fat, } 15 - 16\%\text{ water}
Ghee (Dhadhaa baqfame)110−120 ∘C110 - 120\text{ }^\circ\text{C}Harki caalaan isaa butterfat (moisture gadi aanaa)

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Sadarkaalee ho'aa, yeroo tursiisaa, baakteeriyaa fi qabiyyee aannan qindeessuu keessatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Aannan paastarizeeshinii booda qulqullinni isaa akka eegamuuf battalumatti ho'a digrii seentigreedii 4 ykn gadiitti qabbanaa'uu qaba.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 135-162 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dhibeen dhullaa gunaa (mastitis) akka hin daddarbineef tartiiba saawwan ittiin elmamuu qaban murteessuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda dursa rada dhibee irraa bilisa taate elmaa, itti aansee saawwa bilisa taate, itti aansee kan seenaa dhukkubichaa qabdu, dhuma irratti saawwa mallattoon dhukkubichaa irratti mul'atu elmaa.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 135-162 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 9

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the ideal interval between milking times for a dairy cow?

  1. A.6 hours
  2. B.12 hours
  3. C.18 hours
  4. D.24 hours
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 12 hours

Sababa

According to the textbook, the interval between milkings affects both quantity and composition of milk, and the ideal interval is 12 hours.

Gaaffii 2

Which Ethiopian indigenous cattle breed can produce about 915 litres of milk per lactation with a butter fat content of 5.8%?

  1. A.Fogera
  2. B.Horro
  3. C.Arsi-Bale
  4. D.Barca
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Fogera

Sababa

Fogera cattle, found around Fogera and Gondar, are small-sized cows that produce about 915 litres of milk per lactation with 5.8% butter fat content.

Gaaffii 3

Which insect acts as the vector for transmitting trypanosomiasis in dairy cattle?

  1. A.Housefly
  2. B.Mosquito
  3. C.Tsetse fly
  4. D.Tick
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Tsetse fly

Sababa

Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease transmitted to cattle through the tsetse fly (Glossina species).

Gaaffii 4

What percentage of the total milk production cost on a dairy farm is taken up by feed alone?

  1. A.20% to 30%
  2. B.40% to 50%
  3. C.60% to 70%
  4. D.80% to 90%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 60% to 70%

Sababa

Feeding management plays a vital role in farm economy because feed alone constitutes 60% to 70% of the production cost of milk.

Gaaffii 5

How many litres of clean and fresh drinking water does a dairy cow require to produce one litre of fresh milk?

  1. A.2 litres
  2. B.5 litres
  3. C.10 litres
  4. D.15 litres
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 5 litres

Sababa

To produce one litre of fresh milk, a dairy cow requires five litres of clean and fresh water.

Gaaffii 6

Which group of cows should be milked first in the recommended milking order to prevent cross-infection?

  1. A.Cows with quarters producing abnormal milk
  2. B.Cows with a history of mastitis
  3. C.Older cows free of mastitis
  4. D.First calf heifers free of mastitis
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: D First calf heifers free of mastitis

Sababa

The recommended milking order starts with first calf heifers free of mastitis, followed by older cows free of mastitis, then cows with past mastitis history, and lastly cows producing abnormal milk.

Gaaffii 7

How long does the dry period normally last in a standard dairy cow lactation cycle?

  1. A.15 to 20 days
  2. B.30 to 35 days
  3. C.55 to 60 days
  4. D.90 to 100 days
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 55 to 60 days

Sababa

The dry period normally ranges from 55 to 60 days (around 2 months) and prepares the cow for the next calving and lactation.

Gaaffii 8

What is the normal milk fat percentage of double (heavy) cream?

  1. A.18%
  2. B.35%
  3. C.48%
  4. D.80%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 48%

Sababa

Single or light cream contains 18% milk fat, whereas double or heavy cream normally contains 48% milk fat.

Gaaffii 9

An efficient milking cow on a farm in Bishoftu weighs 400 kg. What is the minimum daily dry matter (DM) intake required by this cow?

  1. A.8 kg DM/day
  2. B.12 kg DM/day
  3. C.16 kg DM/day
  4. D.20 kg DM/day
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 12 kg DM/day

Sababa

An efficient milking cow requires daily dry matter intake of at least 3% of its body weight: 400 kg x 3% = 12 kg DM/day.

Gaaffii 10

A farmer has 10 cross-breed cows producing 12 litres of milk each per day (3,600 litres per month). If milk sells at 50 birr per litre and monthly farm expenses are 125,250 birr, what is the net monthly profit?

  1. A.34,750 birr
  2. B.54,750 birr
  3. C.60,000 birr
  4. D.180,000 birr
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 54,750 birr

Sababa

Total monthly income is 3,600 litres x 50 birr = 180,000 birr. Net profit is Income minus Expenses: 180,000 birr - 125,250 birr = 54,750 birr per month.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 9

Boqonnaan 9 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 132 hanga fuula 159 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 11 hunda

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