Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 12 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Gaaffilee waa'ee bineensota dachee Itoophiyaa qofa keessatti argamanii fi balaadhaaf saaxilamanii deebisuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Jaldessi Gelaadaa boqonnaa kana keessatti akka bineensa baduuf jedhutti hin barreeffamne. Bineensonni balaaf saaxilaman Walia Ibex, Mountain Nyala fi Ethiopian Wolf qofaadha.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 197-210 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Zanyoota Miidhanii | Naannoo Miidhame | Dhiibbaa Hamaa |
|---|---|---|
| Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) | Lafawwan forage fi midhaanii | Lafawwan midhaanii fi pasture weeraruun, oomisha midhaanii fi forage irratti hir'ina guddaa fida. |
| Prosopis juliflora | Awash Valley, rangelands Afar fi Somali | Lafawwan dheedichaa weerara, akkasumas sanyiiwwan forage dhalootaa ni ukkaamsa. |
| Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes, Emboch) | Awash River basin fi Lake Tana | Canopy furdaa uuma, bidiruuwwan dhorka, dissolved oxygen dhabamsiisa, qurxummii hir'isa, qabiyyee bishaanii xiqqeessa. |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Zanyoota biqiltoota miidhoo Itoophiyaa keessaa, naannoo isaan mancaasanii fi miidhaa isaanii adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Biqiltoota lafa dhoqqee fi bishaanii kan akka Haroo Xaanaatti argamu Eichornia crassipes, biqiltoota lafa gogaa kan akka Prosopis juliflora waliin wal hin makiinaa.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 197-210 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Sababoota gurguddoo mancaatii fi badinsa baayodaayivarsitii fidan tarreessuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Jijjiiramni fayyadama lafaa kan agarsiisu caalaatti bosona uumamaa fi lafa dheedichaa gara lafa qotiisaatti jijjiiruu ta'uu yaadadhaa.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 197-210 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Kutaa Tajaajilaa | Dalagaalee Ijoo fi Fakkeenyota |
|---|---|
| Dhiyeessii Kallattii (Direct Provisioning) | Nyaata midhaan fi beeyladoota irraa argamu, qoraan, fiber, timber, meeshaalee ijaarsaa, fi qabeenya qorichaa. |
| Tajaajiloota To'annoo (Regulatory Services) | Qilleensa to'achuuf carbon kuusuu, to'annoo dhibee fi ilbiisotaa adamsitoota uumamaatiin, pollination kanniisotaan, bishaan fi qilleensa qulqulleessuu, dhiqama biyyee to'achuu, kosiin akka tortoru gochuu. |
| Tajaajiloota Aadaa (Cultural Services) | Bashannana, ispoortii, adamsaa to'atame, galii sharafa alaa, barnoota, fi qorannoo saayinsii. |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Faayidaalee baayodaayivarsitii irraa argaman gara dhiheessii qajeeltoo, to'annoo fi aadaatti ramaduuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Tajaajilli adeemsa madaallii eeguu kan akka pollination fi manca'iinsa biyyee to'achuu tajaajila to'annoo (regulatory) keessatti ramadamu malee oomisha qajeeltoo miti.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 197-210 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
What term describes plant or animal species that are found naturally in a specific area and nowhere else in the world?
Deebii: C Endemic species
Sababa
Plants and animals that are native to a specific area and are not found anywhere else are called endemic species.
Gaaffii 2
Which of the following is classified as a regulatory service provided by biodiversity?
Deebii: A Climate regulation
Sababa
Climate regulation, pollination, waste decomposition, and water purification are regulatory services of biodiversity. Firewood, medicines, and food are direct products (provisioning services).
Gaaffii 3
According to the textbook, about how many mammal species are endemic to Ethiopia?
Deebii: B 29
Sababa
Ethiopia possesses rich animal genetic resources, including about 29 mammal types and 18 bird species that are endemic to the country.
Gaaffii 4
Approximately what percentage of the Ethiopian population lives in rural areas, directly or indirectly depending on natural resources for their livelihood?
Deebii: D 85%
Sababa
In Ethiopia, approximately 85% of the population lives in rural areas and relies on natural resources for survival.
Gaaffii 5
Which native Ethiopian tree species is specifically threatened due to overharvesting for timber production?
Deebii: A <em>Hagenia abyssinica</em>
Sababa
Overharvesting for timber production has severely threatened Hagenia abyssinica in Ethiopia.
Gaaffii 6
Which Ethiopian lake disappeared for many years because of unsustainable water over-pumping before restorative efforts started?
Deebii: C Lake Haramaya
Sababa
Lake Haramaya disappeared for many years due to over-exploitation and over-pumping of its water resources, though it has begun returning through restorative efforts.
Gaaffii 7
Which invasive shrub has invaded rangelands in the Awash Valley, Afar, and Somali regions, causing serious losses of native forage species?
Deebii: B <em>Prosopis juliflora</em>
Sababa
The invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora has invaded rangelands in the Awash Valley and the Afar and Somali regions, reducing available forage for livestock.
Gaaffii 8
Which of the following is listed in the textbook as an endangered wild animal in Ethiopia?
Deebii: A Mountain Nyala (<em>Tragelaphus buxtoni</em>)
Sababa
The textbook specifically lists the Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), Walia Ibex (Capra walie), and Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) as endangered wild animals in Ethiopia.
Gaaffii 9
A community earns income from ecotourism, sports hunting, and hosting university researchers in a conserved woodland. Under which category do these benefits fall?
Deebii: B Cultural services
Sababa
Recreation, sports, hunting, education, research, and serving as a source of foreign currency are classified as cultural services of biodiversity.
Gaaffii 10
How does the invasive weed water hyacinth (Emboch) primarily harm aquatic ecosystems in Lake Tana and the Awash river basin?
Deebii: B It establishes a dense canopy that shades native plants and lowers dissolved oxygen
Sababa
Water hyacinth forms a dense canopy on the water surface. This shades native aquatic plants, stops their growth, lowers available oxygen, and reduces fish production.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 12 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 195 hanga fuula 207 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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