Unit notes and practice questions
Everything here is for unit 12 of the Grade 11 Agriculture textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.
The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 11 Agriculture page. Open one at a time.
When you use it
Use when answering questions on threatened endemic wildlife and in situ conservation structures in Ethiopia.
Watch out
Do not classify Gelada Baboon as an endangered species in this unit. The textbook explicitly designates Walia Ibex (Capra walie), Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), and Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) as endangered.
Drafted from Grade 11 Agriculture, pages 197-210, then checked twice before it went up
| Invasive Species | Affected Area | Major Negative Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) | Forage and croplands | Invades croplands and pastures, causing significant crop and forage yield loss. |
| Prosopis juliflora | Awash Valley, Afar and Somali rangelands | Invades grazing lands and suppresses native forage species. |
| Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes, Emboch) | Awash River basin and Lake Tana | Forms dense canopy, blocks boats, depletes dissolved oxygen, reduces fish, shrinks water volume. |
When you use it
Use when identifying invasive plant species in Ethiopia, their target ecosystems, and their ecological damages.
Watch out
Do not confuse terrestrial rangeland invaders like Prosopis juliflora with aquatic invaders like Water hyacinth.
Drafted from Grade 11 Agriculture, pages 197-210, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when listing the primary human and environmental factors driving biodiversity loss.
Watch out
Remember that land use change specifically refers to converting natural forests, grasslands, and woodlands into cultivated agricultural land.
Drafted from Grade 11 Agriculture, pages 197-210, then checked twice before it went up
| Service Category | Key Functions and Examples |
|---|---|
| Direct Provisioning | Food from crops and livestock, firewood, fiber, timber, construction materials, and medicinal resources. |
| Regulatory Services | Carbon storage for climate regulation, natural predator pest control, pollination by bees, water and air purification, soil erosion control, waste decomposition. |
| Cultural Services | Recreation, sports, controlled hunting, foreign currency earnings, education, and scientific research. |
When you use it
Use when classifying the benefits obtained from biodiversity into provisioning, regulatory, or cultural categories.
Watch out
Pollination, waste decomposition, and soil erosion control are regulatory services, not direct provisioning products.
Drafted from Grade 11 Agriculture, pages 197-210, then checked twice before it went up
10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.
Question 1
What term describes plant or animal species that are found naturally in a specific area and nowhere else in the world?
Answer: C Endemic species
Why
Plants and animals that are native to a specific area and are not found anywhere else are called endemic species.
Question 2
Which of the following is classified as a regulatory service provided by biodiversity?
Answer: A Climate regulation
Why
Climate regulation, pollination, waste decomposition, and water purification are regulatory services of biodiversity. Firewood, medicines, and food are direct products (provisioning services).
Question 3
According to the textbook, about how many mammal species are endemic to Ethiopia?
Answer: B 29
Why
Ethiopia possesses rich animal genetic resources, including about 29 mammal types and 18 bird species that are endemic to the country.
Question 4
Approximately what percentage of the Ethiopian population lives in rural areas, directly or indirectly depending on natural resources for their livelihood?
Answer: D 85%
Why
In Ethiopia, approximately 85% of the population lives in rural areas and relies on natural resources for survival.
Question 5
Which native Ethiopian tree species is specifically threatened due to overharvesting for timber production?
Answer: A <em>Hagenia abyssinica</em>
Why
Overharvesting for timber production has severely threatened Hagenia abyssinica in Ethiopia.
Question 6
Which Ethiopian lake disappeared for many years because of unsustainable water over-pumping before restorative efforts started?
Answer: C Lake Haramaya
Why
Lake Haramaya disappeared for many years due to over-exploitation and over-pumping of its water resources, though it has begun returning through restorative efforts.
Question 7
Which invasive shrub has invaded rangelands in the Awash Valley, Afar, and Somali regions, causing serious losses of native forage species?
Answer: B <em>Prosopis juliflora</em>
Why
The invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora has invaded rangelands in the Awash Valley and the Afar and Somali regions, reducing available forage for livestock.
Question 8
Which of the following is listed in the textbook as an endangered wild animal in Ethiopia?
Answer: A Mountain Nyala (<em>Tragelaphus buxtoni</em>)
Why
The textbook specifically lists the Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), Walia Ibex (Capra walie), and Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis) as endangered wild animals in Ethiopia.
Question 9
A community earns income from ecotourism, sports hunting, and hosting university researchers in a conserved woodland. Under which category do these benefits fall?
Answer: B Cultural services
Why
Recreation, sports, hunting, education, research, and serving as a source of foreign currency are classified as cultural services of biodiversity.
Question 10
How does the invasive weed water hyacinth (Emboch) primarily harm aquatic ecosystems in Lake Tana and the Awash river basin?
Answer: B It establishes a dense canopy that shades native plants and lowers dissolved oxygen
Why
Water hyacinth forms a dense canopy on the water surface. This shades native aquatic plants, stops their growth, lowers available oxygen, and reduces fish production.
The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.
Unit 12 runs from page 195 to page 207 of the Ministry of Education edition.
Ministry of Education edition, English, 270 pages
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