Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 13 Qonna kutaa 11: Madaqsuu fi Hir'isuu Jijjiirama Qilleensaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 13 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 13
208–222
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 13

Boqonnaan 13 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Definition of climate change and its variability
  2. 2.Climate change and its effects
  3. 3.Climate change mitigation strategies
  4. 4.An overview of climate change adaptation
  5. 5.Indigenous knowledge in climate change

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 13

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

AmalaJijjiirama QilleensaaGaragarummaa Qilleensaa
Hamma yerooYeroo dheeraa (waggoota kurnan)Yeroo gabaabaa (guyyoota, torbanoota, ji'oota)
Dhiibbaa EcosystemJijjiiramoota bu'uuraa fidaJijjiiramoota bu'uuraa hin fidu
SababaKuufama Greenhouse gasJijjiirama uumamaa yeroo gabaabaa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Jijjiirama qilleensaa yeroo dheeraa fi garagarummaa qilleensaa yeroo gabaabaa addaan baasuuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Garagarummaan qilleensaa yeroo gabaabaa waan ta'eef sirna ikoo irratti jijjiirama bu'uuraa hin fidu, jijjiiramni qilleensaa garuu jijjiirama dhaabbataa fida.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 211-224 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tarkaanfiiwwan qilleensaa gara tooftaa hir'isuu yookiin madaquutti yeroo qooddu fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Hir'isuun gasiin akka hin baane gochuu fi kaarboonii kuusuun sababa isaa furuuf yaala, madaquun garuu miidhaa isaa dandamachuuf bifa qonnaa jijjiiruu dha.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 211-224 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

HawaasaMuuxannoo DhalootaaGahee Qilleensaa
GedeoAgroforestry aadaa fi eegumsa bosona qulqulluuBiomass fi biyyee keessatti carbon kuusuun mitigation taasisuu
KonsoStone terracing aadaaSoil conservation, water retention, fi kuusaa carbon biyyee fooyyessuu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Muuxannoowwan aadaa Itoophiyaa fi gahee isaanii jijjiirama qilleensaa hir'isuu keessatti qaban adda baasuuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Muuxannoowwan lameenuu biyyee fi biqiltoota keessatti kaarboonii kuusuun gasiin akka hir'atu gargaaru.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 211-224 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kaayyoo bu'uuraa Qonna Hubataa Qilleensaa (CSA) ibsuuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Tarsiimoon CSA guutuun kaayyoo sadan walfaana qabachuu qaba: oomishtummaa dabaluu, dandeettii madaquu cimsanii fi gasiin ho'isaa akka xiqqaatu gochuu.

Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 211-224 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 13

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the fundamental difference between climate change and climate variability?

  1. A.Climate change refers to long term changes over decades, while climate variability refers to short term variations over days, weeks, or months.
  2. B.Climate change is always natural, while climate variability is caused only by human activities.
  3. C.Climate change does not affect ecosystems, while climate variability causes permanent ecosystem destruction.
  4. D.Climate change lasts only for days, while climate variability lasts for centuries.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Climate change refers to long term changes over decades, while climate variability refers to short term variations over days, weeks, or months.

Sababa

Climate change is a long term change in temperatures and weather patterns over decades. Climate variability refers to short term variations (days, weeks, or months) that do not cause fundamental changes to ecosystems.

Gaaffii 2

Which of the following groups contains the major greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere?

  1. A.Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
  2. B.Oxygen, nitrogen, and argon
  3. C.Hydrogen, helium, and carbon monoxide
  4. D.Nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

Sababa

The major greenhouse gases responsible for trapping heat and causing global warming are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).

Gaaffii 3

Why is Ethiopian crop production particularly vulnerable to climate change?

  1. A.More than 90% of crop production in Ethiopia is rainfed.
  2. B.All croplands are located directly on ocean coasts.
  3. C.Ethiopian farmers rely entirely on computerized irrigation systems.
  4. D.The country only produces industrial crops that cannot grow in warm weather.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A More than 90% of crop production in Ethiopia is rainfed.

Sababa

More than 90% of crop production in Ethiopia is rainfed with very low production under irrigation, making agriculture highly vulnerable to changes in rainfall and temperature.

Gaaffii 4

According to the textbook, what percentage of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is absorbed by oceans?

  1. A.About 10%
  2. B.About 30%
  3. C.About 60%
  4. D.About 85%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B About 30%

Sababa

Oceans absorb about 30% of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by human activities and natural processes.

Gaaffii 5

How much carbon is stored in the soil compared to the total amount in the atmosphere?

  1. A.About half as much carbon as in the atmosphere
  2. B.The exact same amount of carbon as in the atmosphere
  3. C.About 2 times more carbon than in the atmosphere
  4. D.About 10 times less carbon than in the atmosphere
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C About 2 times more carbon than in the atmosphere

Sababa

Soils are a major carbon sink and store about 2 times more carbon compared to the total amount present in the atmosphere.

Gaaffii 6

What chemical process leads to ocean acidification when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise?

  1. A.Carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water to form carbonic acid.
  2. B.Carbon dioxide reacts with salt to produce hydrochloric acid.
  3. C.Carbon dioxide breaks down water into sulfuric acid and oxygen.
  4. D.Carbon dioxide removes all acidic compounds from marine sediments.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water to form carbonic acid.

Sababa

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in ocean water, it produces carbonic acid, which makes the oceans more acidic and harms marine organisms.

Gaaffii 7

Which of the following actions is a climate change mitigation practice rather than an adaptation practice?

  1. A.Afforestation to plant new forests that act as carbon sinks
  2. B.Changing crop planting dates following the onset of rain
  3. C.Planting enset to have food when field crops fail
  4. D.Participating in off-farm trade to diversify income
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Afforestation to plant new forests that act as carbon sinks

Sababa

Mitigation refers to reducing or removing greenhouse gas emissions. Afforestation creates new forests that act as carbon sinks to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Gaaffii 8

The Konso community in south western Ethiopia is well known for which indigenous practice that aids in soil conservation and carbon storage?

  1. A.Building indigenous stone terraces
  2. B.Clearing all hillside vegetation
  3. C.Practicing unmanaged continuous grazing
  4. D.Flooding fields with deep irrigation channels
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Building indigenous stone terraces

Sababa

The Konso community uses indigenous stone terraces for soil conservation. These terraces collect water, prevent erosion, and enhance the soil carbon storage capacity.

Gaaffii 9

Which community in southern Ethiopia has maintained a traditional agroforestry system for hundreds of years based on indigenous beliefs that natural resources connect the creator and man?

  1. A.Gedeo
  2. B.Afar
  3. C.Somali
  4. D.Gambella
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Gedeo

Sababa

The Gedeo community in southern Ethiopia has rich culture and indigenous knowledge protecting forests and sacred patches, which has maintained traditional agroforestry systems for centuries.

Gaaffii 10

What are the three main aims of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)?

  1. A.Increase sustainable productivity, improve adaptation capacity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions
  2. B.Expand farmland into forests, increase chemical fertilizer use, and lower grain prices
  3. C.Eliminate livestock production, replace food crops with biofuels, and clear natural wetlands
  4. D.Rely entirely on rainfall, remove stone terraces, and stop crop rotation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Increase sustainable productivity, improve adaptation capacity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Sababa

Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) has three central objectives: (1) increase sustainable productivity, (2) reduce vulnerability and improve adaptation capacity, and (3) reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 13

Boqonnaan 13 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 208 hanga fuula 222 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 11 hunda

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