Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Baayoloojii kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Baayoloojii kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Hojii tendons fi ligaments, yookiin gahee seelota lafee adda baasuuf fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Tendons maashaa fi lafee walitti qabsiisa, ligaments immoo lafee fi lafee walqabsiisa. Osteoblasts lafee haaraa ijaara, osteoclasts immoo lafee diiga.
Grade 11 Biology, fuula 180-235 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Qoodama | Kutaalee | Baay'ina lafee |
|---|---|---|
| Axial skeleton | Skull (22), Ossicles (6), Hyoid (1), Rib cage (24), Sternum (1), Vertebral column (26) | |
| Appendicular skeleton | Shoulder girdles (4), Pelvis (2), Arms fi forearms (6), Thighs fi legs (8), Hands (54), Feet fi ankles (52) | |
| Waliigala adult skeleton | Axial skeleton + Appendicular skeleton |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Qoodama lafee nama ga'eessaa bakka lamatti (axial fi appendicular) fi baay'ina isaanii yaadachuuf fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Namni ga'eessi lafeewwan 206 qaba, garuu daa'imman dhalatan lafeewwan 300 ol kan yeroo guddinaa walitti makaman qabu.
Grade 11 Biology, fuula 180-235 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Tamsa'a dhibee saalaa | Gosa dhibee fidu | Meeqaanii dhibee fidu |
|---|---|---|
| Syphilis | Baakteeriyaa (Bacterium) | Treponema pallidum |
| Gonorrhea | Baakteeriyaa (Bacterium) | Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Chancroid | Baakteeriyaa (Bacterium) | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Genital herpes | Vaayirasii (Virus) | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) |
| Genital warts | Vaayirasii (Virus) | Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| AIDS | Vaayirasii (Virus) | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| Trichomoniasis | Piraasayitii (Parasite) | Trichomonas vaginalis |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Dhibeewwan saalaan daddarban gosa miikroobii fi orgaanizimii dhibicha fidu waliin walitti firoomsuuf fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Kondoomiin qorannoo dhibeewwan saalaan daddarban kan akka HIV irraa ittisa qaamaa kennu keessaa mala karoora maatii tokkicha dha.
Grade 11 Biology, fuula 180-235 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Marsaa | Guyyoota | Taatee guddaa ovarii fi hoormoonii |
|---|---|---|
| Menstrual phase | 1-4 | Endometrium diigamee akka menstrual flowtti dhangala'a |
| Follicular phase | 5-13 | FSH'n guddina follicle kakaasa, follicles'n estrogen maddisiisu |
| Ovulation phase | 14 | LH surge'n gadi lakkifamuu mature egg kakaasa |
| Luteal phase | 15-28 | Corpus luteum uumamee endometrium eeguuf progesterone maddisiisa |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Guyyoota, hoormoonota murteessoo fi jijjiirama gadaamessaa marsaalee afuran keessatti beekuuf fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Hanqaaqquu gadi lakkisuun (ovulation) kan kaka'u daballii saffisaa LH guyyaa 14ffaa irratti malee FSHn miti. Progesterone kan heddummaatu marsaa luteal keessatti.
Grade 11 Biology, fuula 180-235 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Gosa maashaa | Sararaawaa (Striation) | To'annoo | Bakka argamaa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle | Striated | Voluntary | Lafeewwanitti kan qabate |
| Cardiac muscle | Striated | Involuntary | Dabaqa onnee (myocardium) |
| Smooth muscle | Non-striated | Involuntary | Qaamolee keessoo duwwaa (hollow organs), ujummoolee dhiigaa |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Caasaa, to'annoo fi bakka argama gosa maashaalee sadan addaan baasuuf fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Maashaa onnee (Cardiac muscle) fi maashaa lallaafaa (Smooth muscle) walitti hin makhin. Maashaan onnee to'annoo fedhiin ala ta'us, akkuma maashaa lafee sararaawaa dha.
Grade 11 Biology, fuula 180-235 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, non-striated, and found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and intestine?
Deebii: A Smooth muscle
Sababa
Smooth muscle cells are involuntary and non-striated. They line the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestine, and bladder.
Gaaffii 2
Which type of bone cells are directly responsible for the repair of bone fractures?
Deebii: D Osteoprogenitor
Sababa
Osteoprogenitor cells play an important role in repairing bone fractures.
Gaaffii 3
Which male reproductive structure secretes fructose into semen to provide energy for sperm cells?
Deebii: B Seminal vesicle
Sababa
The seminal vesicle secretes fructose into semen, which supplies energy to help sperm move.
Gaaffii 4
Which contraceptive method is the only one that helps prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Deebii: C Condom
Sababa
Condoms (both male and female) create a physical barrier that helps protect against sexually transmitted infections as well as pregnancy.
Gaaffii 5
During skeletal muscle contraction, what is the immediate effect of calcium flooding into the muscle cell from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Deebii: B It binds with troponin, allowing actin and myosin to bind
Sababa
Calcium binds with troponin, which shifts tropomyosin out of the way and allows the actin and myosin cross bridges to bind and contract.
Gaaffii 6
How many total bones make up the human axial skeleton in an adult?
Deebii: A 80
Sababa
The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, divided into the axial skeleton (80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (126 bones).
Gaaffii 7
Around day 14 of the menstrual cycle, a surge in which hormone causes the ovarian follicle to rupture and release an egg?
Deebii: B Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Sababa
A sudden surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) midway through the cycle triggers ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the ovary.
Gaaffii 8
Which structure is cut or blocked during a male sterilization procedure (vasectomy)?
Deebii: C Vas deferens
Sababa
A vasectomy involves blocking or cutting each vas deferens tube to prevent sperm from entering the semen.
Gaaffii 9
A farmer in Gojjam lifts and holds a heavy bag of teff steady in his arms without changing muscle length. What type of muscle contraction is this?
Deebii: C Isometric contraction
Sababa
An isometric contraction generates muscle tension without changing the length of the muscle.
Gaaffii 10
During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces high levels of progesterone and estrogen. What is the effect of these hormones on FSH and LH?
Deebii: B They inhibit FSH and LH to prevent new follicles from developing
Sababa
High levels of progesterone and estrogen act as negative feedback, inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH so that no new follicles mature during the luteal phase.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 5 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 180 hanga fuula 235 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 294
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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