Boqonnaa 9 Seenaa kutaa 11

The textbook says the Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-18th century. From England it spread to Europe and North America.

The chapter says that in 1733 a machinist named John Kay made the flying shuttle. James Watt improved the steam engine, Richard Arkwright made the water frame, and Eli Whitney made the cotton gin.

The textbook states that the Clermont made its first successful trip in 1807. The other years are linked to other events: 1765 (James Watt's steam engine improvement), 1804 (Trevithick's steam locomotive) and 1821 (Stephenson began the first railroad line).

When Louis XVI locked the Third Estate out of its meeting, its members moved to a nearby tennis court. There they vowed to stay together and create a written constitution for France. This event is called the Tennis Court Oath.

The textbook says colonial lawyers argued that the stamp tax violated the colonists' natural rights. They accused the government of 'taxation without representation', because the colonists had no representatives in Parliament.

Multiply the hours in one day by the days in one week: 14 × 6 = 84. So the average worker spent 84 hours a week on the job.

The chapter calls the Napoleon Code perhaps the longest lasting legacy of Napoleon's rule. It was the first clear and complete codification of French law, and it gave France legal unity.

The textbook says that in 1781 a combined force of Americans and French trapped a British army commanded by Lord Cornwallis near Yorktown, Virginia. Unable to escape, Cornwallis surrendered. Lexington and Concord were the first fighting of the war in 1775, and Boston was where the Boston Tea Party happened.

The chapter says legitimacy meant returning to power the ruling families deposed by more than two decades of revolutionary warfare. For example, the Bourbons were restored in France, Spain and Naples. The first option describes compensation, and the third describes balance of power.

After his defeat at the battle of Trafalgar, the textbook says Napoleon wanted to damage Britain's economy. So he introduced the Continental System, which closed ports on the continent to British commerce. The chapter says it failed, but the reason he introduced it was to hurt Britain.