Boqonnaa 1 Teeknooloojii Odeeffannoo kutaa 11: Sirna Odeeffannoo fi Fayyadama Isaa

Data is raw facts that cannot give meaning on its own. The number 100 could be a person's weight or a distance, so it is data until it is put into context.

The textbook defines information as data processed in a meaningful way to the end users. Raw facts are data, the highest level of human understanding is wisdom, and a skill that comes from practice is part of knowledge.

The textbook says information systems have five major components: hardware, software, data/information, people, and procedure.

The chapter says e-Government is the use of information systems to provide electronic services to citizens with the purpose of increasing efficiency, transparency, and citizen participation.

Data is at the bottom and wisdom is at the top. The textbook says that as you move up the pyramid, the value you get increases.

The chapter says that daily sales data may not give meaning on its own. When it is aggregated by weeks, it becomes information because it shows whether sales are increasing or decreasing.

The textbook note says one quintal is equivalent to 100 kilograms. So 3 quintals = 3 × 100 = 300 kilograms.

Telling a child how to ride a bicycle gives information. When the child applies that information and gains the skill, the information becomes knowledge. Knowledge includes both understanding and skill.

A procedure is a series of steps followed to achieve a desired outcome. The textbook says procedures are the policies and methods for using, operating, and maintaining an information system, and that they clarify what data is captured, who can access it, and who can modify it.

Recruitment software automates the posting of job offerings and the sorting of incoming applications. It can post job needs on a variety of websites, and applicants can submit resumes without meeting anyone in person.