Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 5 Fiizikii kutaa 11: Heat Conduction fi Calorimetry

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 5 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

3
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5: 175–216
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 5

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Walwakkii ho'aa kaalorimeetara keessaFoormulaa

m_s\,c_s\,(T_s - T_f) = m_w\,c_w\,(T_f - T_w) + m_k\,c_k\,(T_f - T_w)

m_s\,c_s\,(T_s - T_f) = m_w\,c_w\,(T_f - T_w) + m_k\,c_k\,(T_f - T_w)

$m_s$: baay'ina sammuu ho'aa ibsaa $kg$
$c_s$: dandeettii ho'aa addaa sammuu (hin beekamne) $J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}$
$T_s$: ho'aa jalqabaa sammuu $°C$
$T_f$: ho'aa dhumaa walitti makame $°C$
$m_w$: baay'ina bishaan kaalorimeetara keessa jiru $kg$
$c_w$: dandeettii ho'aa addaa bishaanii $J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}$
$T_w$: ho'aa jalqabaa bishaanii fi kaalorimeetara $°C$
$m_k$: baay'ina kaalorimeetara fi qabsiisaa $kg$
$c_k$: dandeettii ho'aa addaa meeshaa kaalorimeetaraa $J\,kg^{-1}\,K^{-1}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo sammuun ho'aa bishaan kaalorimeetara keessa jiru keessa galchamu, ykn ho'aan bishaan kaalorimeetara keessa jiru yeroo ho'isu, dandeettii ho'aa addaa hin beekamne barbaaddu kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo baay'ina kaalorimeetaraa fi qabsiisaa kennamu hamma isaanii ni galchi. Gaaffiin kaalorimeetara akka hin ilaalamne yeroo ibsu qofa baasi.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 175-216 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Ho'aa dhoksuu yeroo jijjiirama sadarkaaFoormulaa

Q = m\,L

Q = m\,L

$Q$: ho'aa sadarkaa jijjiirama keessatti fudhatame ykn baafame $J$
$m$: baay'ina ibsa sadarkaa jijjiiru $kg$
$L$: ho'aa dhoksuu: L_f yeroo gadi-lakkisaa ykn L_v yeroo aaruu $J\,kg^{-1}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo ibsi ho'aa jijjiirama isaa tasgeessaa irratti gadi-lakkisu, cabsu, aaru ykn gara mataa isaa deebi'u, akka qorichi 0 °C irratti gadi-lakkisu ykn bishaan 100 °C irratti aaru kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo jijjiirama sadarkaa ho'aan tasgeessaa waan ta'eef, sadarkaa sanaaf mcΔT hin fayyadamin. Qorichi -50 °C irraa yeroo ho'isu, ho'isuu, gadi-lakkisuu fi deebisee ho'isuu akka sadarkaa adda ta'anitti ilaali.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 175-216 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Babal'inni hoo'a sirnaaFoormulaa

\Delta L = L_0\,\alpha\,\Delta T

\Delta L = L_0\,\alpha\,\Delta T

$\Delta L$: jijjiirama dheerinaa $m$
$L_0$: dheerina jalqabaa ho'aa jalqabaa irratti $m$
$\alpha$: sadarkaa babal'ina sirnaa meeshaa $K^{-1}$
$\Delta T$: jijjiirama ho'aa $K$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo ulee, tarree ykn karaan jijjiirama ho'aa sababiin dheerina isaa jijjiiru, akka karaa mucuucaa guyyaa ho'aa irratti ykn giddu-galaa qilleensa, kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Babal'inaa bal'ina β = 2α fi babal'ina guddina γ = 3α fayyadami. α bal'ina ykn guddina irratti kallattiidhaan hin fayyadamin.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 175-216 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 5

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to physics, what is the definition of heat?

A.The total mechanical energy stored inside an isolated container
B.Energy which is in transit from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature
C.The quantity of potential energy held by stationary atoms
D.The measure of the total degree of hotness of a single isolated object

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Energy which is in transit from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature

Sababa

Heat is defined as energy in transit (in transfer) from one body to another due to a temperature difference between them.

Gaaffii 2

Which mechanism of heat transfer occurs via electromagnetic waves and does not require any material medium for transmission?

A.Conduction
B.Convection
C.Radiation
D.Advection

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Radiation

Sababa

Radiation heat transfer takes place through electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation can travel through a vacuum without a material medium.

Gaaffii 3

Due to the unusual thermal expansion of water, at what temperature does liquid water have its maximum density?

A.-4 °C
B.0 °C
C.4 °C
D.100 °C

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 4 °C

Sababa

Between 0 °C and 4 °C, the volume of water decreases as temperature increases. Therefore, water reaches its minimum volume and maximum density at 4 °C.

Gaaffii 4

What is the term for a phase change where a substance changes directly from the solid phase into the vapor phase without first becoming a liquid?

A.Sublimation
B.Vaporization
C.Condensation
D.Fusion

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Sublimation

Sababa

Sublimation is the direct transition of a substance from the solid phase to the vapor phase without passing through the liquid phase.

Gaaffii 5

If the linear thermal expansion coefficient of a solid material is α, what is its coefficient of surface (area) expansion β?

A.β = α / 2
B.β = α
C.β = 2α
D.β = 3α

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C β = 2α

Sababa

Area expansion occurs in two dimensions, which gives the relationship β = 2α. (Volume expansion coefficient is γ = 3α).

Gaaffii 6

A student in Gondar heats a 0.20 kg block of copper from 20 °C to 70 °C. The specific heat capacity of copper is 385 J/(kg °C). How much heat energy does the copper absorb?

A.1925 J
B.3850 J
C.7700 J
D.15400 J

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 3850 J

Sababa

Using the heat formula Q = m c ΔT:
Q = (0.20 kg) × (385 J/(kg °C)) × (70 °C - 20 °C)
Q = 0.20 × 385 × 50 = 3850 J.

Gaaffii 7

A steel rail segment on a railway line has an initial length of 50.0 m at 10.0 °C. If the temperature rises to 40.0 °C, what is the increase in length of the rail? (Take α for steel = 11 × 10^-6 °C^-1)

A.0.0055 m
B.0.0165 m
C.0.0330 m
D.0.1650 m

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 0.0165 m

Sababa

The change in length is given by ΔL = L₀ α ΔT.
ΔL = (50.0 m) × (11 × 10^-6 °C^-1) × (40.0 °C - 10.0 °C)
ΔL = 50.0 × 11 × 10^-6 × 30.0 = 0.0165 m.

Gaaffii 8

How much heat is required to completely melt 2.0 kg of ice at 0 °C into liquid water at 0 °C? (Take latent heat of fusion of water L_f = 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg)

A.1.67 × 10^5 J
B.3.33 × 10^5 J
C.6.66 × 10^5 J
D.1.33 × 10^6 J

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 6.66 × 10^5 J

Sababa

For a phase change without temperature change, Q = m L_f.
Q = (2.0 kg) × (3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg) = 6.66 × 10⁵ J.

Gaaffii 9

In a school laboratory in Addis Ababa, an electric heater rated at 200 W operates for 3.0 minutes (180 s) to heat a 0.40 kg block of an unknown metal. The temperature of the block rises from 20.0 °C to 70.0 °C. Assuming all electrical energy is transferred to the block, what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

A.450 J/(kg °C)
B.900 J/(kg °C)
C.1800 J/(kg °C)
D.3600 J/(kg °C)

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 1800 J/(kg °C)

Sababa

Total heat supplied is E = P × t = 200 W × 180 s = 36000 J.
Using Q = m c ΔT:
36000 J = (0.40 kg) × c × (70.0 °C - 20.0 °C)
36000 = 20 × c ⇒ c = 36000 / 20 = 1800 J/(kg °C).

Gaaffii 10

A 0.05 kg metal bar is heated to 200.0 °C and placed into a container with 0.40 kg of water initially at 20.0 °C. The final equilibrium temperature is 22.4 °C. Neglecting heat absorbed by the container and taking c_water = 4186 J/(kg °C), what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

A.128 J/(kg °C)
B.385 J/(kg °C)
C.453 J/(kg °C)
D.900 J/(kg °C)

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 453 J/(kg °C)

Sababa

Using heat conservation: Heat gained by water = Heat lost by metal.
m_w c_w (T_f - T_c) = m_s c_s (T_h - T_f)
0.40 × 4186 × (22.4 - 20.0) = 0.05 × c_s × (200.0 - 22.4)
4018.56 = 8.88 × c_s
c_s ≈ 453 J/(kg °C).

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 5

Boqonnaan 5 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 175 hanga fuula 216 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 338

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 11 hunda

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