Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 4 Fiizikii kutaa 11: Dynamics

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

5
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4: 95–174
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 4

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Ga'een fi deebiin walitti hin balaaliuDogoggora baratame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo gaaffiin ga'ee fi deebii isaa jedhu ykn ergaa qaama tokkoo irratti ergaa qulqullaa barbaaddu ergaa walitti ida'u fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Ga'een fi deebiin hammaan wal qixa, kallattiin garuu faallaa dha; qaama lamaatti garuu hojjetu. Kanaafuu zeeroo ta'uuf walitti hin ida'amu. Ergaa qaama tokkotti hojjetu qofa walitti ida'i.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 95-174 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Rukkuu dhaabbataa ol-aanaaFoormulaa

F_s \le \mu_s F_N

F_s \le \mu_s F_N

$F_s$: ergaa rukkuu dhaabbataa, hanga ol-aanaatti kamiyyuu fudhachuu danda'a $N$
$\mu_s$: lakkoofsa rukkuu dhaabbataa lafa lamaaf $dimensionless$
$F_N$: ergaa deeggaraa lafa lamaan wal cuqaasu $N$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Qaamni dhaabbate dhaabbatee turuu isaa ykn gad-yaa'uu isaa murteessuuf, ykn rukkuu ol-aanaa dura argachuuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Rukkuun dhaabbataa hanga μ_s F_N tti, yeroo hunda sana hin taane. Qaamni yeroo gad-yaa'u rukkuu sochii F_k = μ_k F_N fayyadami; kunis ol-aanaa dhaabbataa caalaa xiqqaa dha.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 95-174 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Seera lammaffaa Newton: ergaa qulqullaa fi saffisaFoormulaa

F_{\text{net}} = ma

F_{\text{net}} = ma

$F_{\text{net}}$: ergaa qulqullaa, walitti ida'ama ergaa qaama irratti jiran $N$
$m$: ulfaa qaamaa (mass) $kg$
$a$: saffisa kallattii ergaa qulqullaatti $m\,s^{-2}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo qaamni ergaa tokkoo ykn ergaa hedduudhaan saffisu, saffisa ykn ergaa qulqullaa barbaaddu fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Ergaa qulqullaa, kanneen hundaa (rukkuu dabalatee) walitti ida'ii argadhu; ergaa kenname qofa hin fayyadamin.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 95-174 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Ergaa deeggaraa gaaraa irraFoormulaa

F_N = mg\cos\theta

F_N = mg\cos\theta

$F_N$: ergaa deeggaraa gaaraa irraa qaamaa irratti hojjetu, lafa irraa qaama sirrii ta'e $N$
$m$: ulfaa qaamaa gaaraa irra jiru $kg$
$g$: saffisa walabummaa $m\,s^{-2}$
$\theta$: kona gaaraa fi sadarkaa lafa wajjin $^\circ$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo bilokkiin gaaraa kona θ irra dhaabbatu ykn gad-yaa'u, deeggarsa lafaa barbaaddu, fakkeenyaaf rukkuu hin baay'isin dura fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Ergaan deeggaraa ulfaa wajjin wal qixa yoo lafni sirrii ta'e qofa. Gaaraa irratti F_N = mg cos θ dha; rukkuun gaaraa kanaan hesaabamuu qaba.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 95-174 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Ulfaa qaamaa (weight)Foormulaa

W = mg

W = mg

$W$: ulfaa, ergaa walabummaa qaamaa irratti hojjetu $N$
$m$: ulfaa qaamaa (mass) $kg$
$g$: saffisa walabummaa bakka sana, lafa irra kan ~9.8 m/s^2 $m\,s^{-2}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo ulfaa qaama lafa irra ykn meeqa biraa irratti barbaaddu kana fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Ulfaan ergaa Niwtonii yoo ta'u, ulfaan qaamaa kiiloogiraamiin lakkaa'ama. g bakka tokkoo gara bakka biraatti ni jijjiirama, kanaafuu qaamni tokko Huba irratti ulfaa adda ta'e qaba.

Grade 11 Physics, fuula 95-174 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to Newton's first law of motion, which property of an object quantitatively measures its inertia?

A.Mass
B.Acceleration
C.Velocity
D.Net force

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Mass

Sababa

Inertia is the tendency of a body to oppose any change in its state of rest or uniform motion. As the textbook explains, larger masses have larger inertia than small masses.

Gaaffii 2

Which of the following is one of the four fundamental forces in nature?

A.Strong nuclear force
B.Frictional force
C.Tension force
D.Normal force

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Strong nuclear force

Sababa

The four fundamental forces in nature are the strong nuclear force, electromagnetic force, weak nuclear force, and gravitational force. Friction, tension, and normal forces are contact forces.

Gaaffii 3

In the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) unit system, work is measured in ergs. How many ergs are equal to 1 joule?

A.107 erg
B.105 erg
C.103 erg
D.109 erg

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 107 erg

Sababa

By definition, 1 joule = 10⁷ erg, where 1 erg = 1 dyne . cm.

Gaaffii 4

A 1 kg package of teff flour is taken to the surface of the Moon, where the acceleration due to gravity is one-sixth of its value on Earth (g_m = 1.6 m/s²). What is the weight of the package on the Moon?

A.1.6 N
B.9.8 N
C.0.16 N
D.6.0 N

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 1.6 N

Sababa

Weight is given by W = mg_m = (1 kg)(1.6 m/s²) = 1.6 N.

Gaaffii 5

In Hawassa, a man pushes a stalled vehicle with a constant force F = (150i - 40j) N through a displacement S = (14i + 11j) m. How much work does the man do on the car?

A.1660 J
B.2540 J
C.2100 J
D.1220 J

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 1660 J

Sababa

Work is the dot product of force and displacement: W = F . S = (150)(14) + (-40)(11) = 2100 - 440 = 1660 J.

Gaaffii 6

Two blocks with masses m₁ = 4 kg and m₂ = 8 kg are connected by a light string on a frictionless level surface. A horizontal force of 36 N pulls m₁ to the right. What is the acceleration of the system and the tension in the connecting string?

A.a = 3 m/s2, T = 24 N
B.a = 3 m/s2, T = 12 N
C.a = 4 m/s2, T = 24 N
D.a = 4 m/s2, T = 36 N

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A a = 3 m/s2, T = 24 N

Sababa

The total mass is m₁ + m₂ = 4 kg + 8 kg = 12 kg. Acceleration a = F / (m₁ + m₂) = 36 N / 12 kg = 3 m/s². The tension pulling the rear mass m₂ is T = m₂ a = (8 kg)(3 m/s²) = 24 N.

Gaaffii 7

A 6 kg block rests on top of a ramp inclined at 37° above the horizontal. Taking g = 9.8 m/s² and cos(37°) = 0.8, what is the normal force acting on the block?

A.47 N
B.58.8 N
C.35.4 N
D.29.4 N

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 47 N

Sababa

The normal force on an inclined plane is F_N = mg cos θ = (6 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(cos 37°) = (58.8 N)(0.8) = 47 N.

Gaaffii 8

A student pulls a wooden box across a floor by applying a force of 20 N at an angle of 30° above the horizontal. If the box moves a horizontal distance of 5 m, what is the work done by the applied force? (Take cos 30° = 0.866)

A.86.6 J
B.100.0 J
C.50.0 J
D.43.3 J

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 86.6 J

Sababa

Work done by a force at an angle is W = F S cos θ = (20 N)(5 m)(cos 30°) = (100 Nm)(0.866) = 86.6 J.

Gaaffii 9

In an Atwood machine, two masses m₁ = 4 kg and m₂ = 6 kg are connected by a light cord over a frictionless pulley. Taking g = 9.8 m/s², what are the acceleration of the masses and the tension in the cord?

A.a = 1.96 m/s2 and T = 47 N
B.a = 1.96 m/s2 and T = 39.2 N
C.a = 0.98 m/s2 and T = 47 N
D.a = 2.45 m/s2 and T = 58.8 N

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A a = 1.96 m/s2 and T = 47 N

Sababa

Acceleration a = g(m₂ - m₁)/(m₁ + m₂) = 9.8(6 - 4)/(6 + 4) = 1.96 m/s². The tension in the cord is T = m₁(g + a) = 4(9.8 + 1.96) = 47 N.

Gaaffii 10

A 6 kg crate rests on a ramp inclined at 30° above the horizontal. If the crate remains at rest, what is the magnitude of the static friction force preventing it from sliding, and what is the coefficient of static friction? (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)

A.Fs = 29.4 N and µs = 0.58
B.Fs = 50.9 N and µs = 0.58
C.Fs = 29.4 N and µs = 0.50
D.Fs = 58.8 N and µs = 0.86

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Fs = 29.4 N and µs = 0.58

Sababa

At rest, the static friction balances the component of gravity parallel to the incline: F_s = mg sin 30° = (6 kg)(9.8 m/s²)(0.5) = 29.4 N. The coefficient of static friction is µ_s = tan 30° = 0.58.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 95 hanga fuula 174 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 338

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 11 hunda

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