Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Bakka biqiltuu vegetable filachuuf yeroo olka'iinsa dheeraatti ol ba'an hir'ina ho'inaa shallaguuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Olka'iinsi meetira 100 dabalu hundaaf ho'inni digrii seentigreedii 0.6n hir'ata.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 1-21 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Ramaddii Day length | Critical photoperiod | Fakkeenya |
|---|---|---|
| Short day | Halkan hours 12 caalaa dheeratu | Sweet potato |
| Day neutral | Day length dhaan kan hin dhiibamne | Cucumber, tomato, pepper, eggplant, artichoke |
| Long day | Halkan hours 12 gadi ta'e | Spinach, onion, cabbage, carrot, potato |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Biqiltoota vegetable ulaagaa dheerina guyyaa daraaraa fi oomisha sanyiif barbaachisu irratti hundaa'uun ramaduuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Biqiltoonni Day neutral dheerina guyyaa kamiyyuu keessatti daraaru, biqiltoonni long day garuu yeroo halkan gabaabaa ta'etti qofa daraaru.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 1-21 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Gosa waqtii | Frost tolerance | Fakkeenya |
|---|---|---|
| Waqtii qabbanaawaa | Hardy (Qorra kan danda'u) | Asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, garlic, onion, pea, spinach |
| Waqtii qabbanaawaa | Semi-hardy (Giddu-galeessaan kan danda'u) | Beet root, carrot, cauliflower, celery, lettuce, potato |
| Waqtii ho'aa | Tender (Qorra kan hin dandeenye) | Southern pea, snap bean, sweet corn, tomato |
| Waqtii ho'aa | Very tender (Qorra baay'ee kan hin dandeenye) | Cucumber, eggplant, pepper, sweet potato, watermelon |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Biqiltoonni vegetable qilleensa qorraa yookiin ho'aa wajjin walbaruufi cabbii danda'uu isaanii adda baasuuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Biqiltoonni Cool season hidda gabaabaa qabu, cabbiis ni danda'u, biqiltoonni warm season garuu ho'ina digrii seentigreedii 10 gadiitti miidhaan chilling injury isaan mudata.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 1-21 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Diinagdee fi sadarkaalee oomisha qonna daldala vegetable yeroo karoorsanitti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Gabaan kan eegalu erga oomishni oomishamee booda miti. Osoo oomishni hin eegalne dura gosa oomishaa filachuu fi fedhii gabaa qorachuun eegala.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 1-21 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Ulaagaalee daraaraa biqiltoota biennial kan akka kaarotii, raafuu fi qullubbii ibsuuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Biqiltoonni biennials waqtii jalqabaatti guddina vegetative qofa agarsiisu, waqtii lammaffaatti daraaruuf garuu qorra yeroo dheeraaf turaa barbaadu.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 1-21 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
According to the textbook, what is the average landholding size of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia?
Deebii: A 0.9 hectare
Sababa
The textbook defines smallholder farmers as farmers who own an average landholding size of 0.9 hectare.
Gaaffii 2
How much water is required to produce one kilogram of vegetable dry matter?
Deebii: C About 322 litres
Sababa
The textbook states that for the production of each kilogram of vegetable dry matter, about 322 litres of water is required.
Gaaffii 3
Which group of vegetables requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle?
Deebii: B Biennials
Sababa
Biennials are vegetable crops that require two growing seasons to complete their life cycle, producing vegetative growth in the first season and reproductive parts in the second.
Gaaffii 4
What is the term for the process in which certain vegetables require exposure to low temperatures to initiate flowering?
Deebii: A Vernalization
Sababa
Vernalization is the process where biennial and cool-season vegetables must be exposed to low temperatures before moving from vegetative to reproductive growth stages.
Gaaffii 5
Which of the following vegetable crops are produced in Ethiopia mainly for export purposes?
Deebii: B Green beans and peas
Sababa
The textbook explains that cabbages, tomatoes, and garlic are mainly produced for domestic consumption, while green beans and peas are mainly produced for export.
Gaaffii 6
How does temperature change with altitude in Ethiopia?
Deebii: A It decreases by 0.6 °C with every 100 m increase in altitude.
Sababa
With every 100 m increase in altitude, there is a 0.6 °C decrease in temperature.
Gaaffii 7
At what temperature can tropical and sub-tropical vegetables suffer from chilling injury?
Deebii: A Below 10 °C
Sababa
Tropical and sub-tropical vegetables may be damaged at temperatures below 10 °C, which is referred to as chilling injury.
Gaaffii 8
Which of the following is classified as a perennial vegetable crop that can remain in production for as long as ten years?
Deebii: C Asparagus
Sababa
Perennial vegetables such as asparagus and artichoke grow for more than two growing seasons and can stay in production for up to ten years.
Gaaffii 9
According to the day length classification table in the textbook, which vegetable is a short-day plant?
Deebii: A Sweet potato
Sababa
Table 1.1 classifies sweet potato as a short-day plant, tomato as day-neutral, and spinach and carrot as long-day plants.
Gaaffii 10
Based on temperature requirements, which of the following cool-season crops is classified as hardy rather than semi-hardy?
Deebii: C Garlic
Sababa
In Table 1.2, garlic is classified under hardy cool-season crops, whereas carrot, cauliflower, and lettuce are listed under semi-hardy cool-season crops.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 1 hanga fuula 20 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi
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