Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 2 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Dhiibbaa qorri fudhaalee naannoo ho'aa fi qorraa irratti qabu adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Chilling injury fi chilling requirement walitti hin makin. Chilling injury miidhaa qorri naannoo ho'aa irraan gahu yoo ta'u, chilling requirement immoo bilchina ija daraaraatiif qorra barbaachisudha.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 22-45 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Garee | Olka'iinsa Respiration Bilchinaa | Gahee Ethylene | Fakkeenya |
|---|---|---|---|
| Climacteric | Respiration keessatti daballii ifa ta'e | Ripening kakaasuu fi qindeessuu keessatti gahee guddaa | Timaatima, Apple, Pear, Meelonii |
| Non-climacteric | Ethylene wajjin kan walqabatu respiratory peak hin qabu | Ripening signaling pathway hin jiru | Wayinii, Burtukaana, Paayinaappilii |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Fudhaalee hafuura baafannaa fi adeemsa bilchina isaaniitiin adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Fudhaaleen Non-climacteric kan akka burtukaanaa fi wayinii erga guuramanii booda gaasii ethylene tiin hin bilchaatan.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 22-45 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Adeemsa wal-fudhachiisa Scion fi Rootstock raawwachuuf ykn gamaaggamuuf itti fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Kutaaleen Cambial kan scion fi rootstock wal hin tuqne yoo ta'e, ykn bakki murame akka hin gogne wax dhaan hin maramne taanan hojichi ni fashala.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 22-45 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Qophii makaa biyyoo biqiltuu fudhaa naasarii keessatti boorsaa fi lafa biqilchaatiif fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Walqixa hin makin. Reeshoon sirriin kitaaba keessatti kenname 2:1:1 Forest soil, Sand, fi Farm yard manure dha.
Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 22-45 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
According to the textbook, what is an orchard?
Deebii: A A farmland allocated for growing fruit crops
Sababa
The textbook defines an orchard as a farm land allocated for growing fruit crops.
Gaaffii 2
Which of the following is classified as an aggregate fruit?
Deebii: B Strawberry
Sababa
An aggregate fruit develops from a single flower with many mature ovaries (fruitlets) on a single receptacle. Strawberry is the example given in the textbook.
Gaaffii 3
Which category of fruit crops requires a cold winter season as well as a summer growing season and can survive temperatures well below freezing?
Deebii: C Temperate fruits
Sababa
Temperate fruits (such as apples, cherries, and peaches) require a cold winter and can survive temperatures considerably below freezing.
Gaaffii 4
What is the recommended ratio of forest soil, sand, and farm yard manure used in nursery soil mixtures?
Deebii: B 2:1:1
Sababa
The textbook specifies that nursery soil mixtures of forest soil, sand, and farm yard manure are usually mixed in the ratio of 2:1:1, respectively.
Gaaffii 5
In the Ethiopian highlands where cultivated fruit supplies have historically been low, which indigenous wild fruits are commonly collected and eaten by children?
Deebii: B Agam, Kega, Shola, and Koshim
Sababa
The textbook notes that in the Ethiopian highlands, children collect and consume indigenous wild fruits such as 'Agam', 'Kega', 'Shola', and 'Koshim'.
Gaaffii 6
How are climacteric fruits (such as apples and tomatoes) distinguished from non-climacteric fruits during ripening?
Deebii: A They show an increase in respiration and ethylene production during ripening.
Sababa
Climacteric fruits are characterized by a ripening-associated increase in respiration and ethylene production, which triggers the ripening process.
Gaaffii 7
When preparing stem cuttings for vegetative propagation, what is the recommended length of the cutting?
Deebii: B At least 15 cm but not longer than 30 cm
Sababa
According to the basic cutting technique described in the text, stem cuttings should be at least 15 cm long but not longer than 30 cm.
Gaaffii 8
For grafting to be successful, which tissue layer of the scion and the rootstock must be placed in intimate contact?
Deebii: A The cambial region
Sababa
The cambial regions of the scion and stock contain actively dividing cells and must be in intimate contact for the graft union to heal and grow.
Gaaffii 9
When digging and preparing an 80 to 100 cm deep planting hole in an orchard, what is the proper way to handle and place the soil?
Deebii: B Keep topsoil and subsoil separate, mix topsoil with organic matter, and fill the hole to the 40 to 50 cm mark.
Sababa
Topsoil and subsoil should be kept on separate sides because topsoil is better quality. The topsoil is mixed with organic matter (like manure or coffee husk) and used to fill the hole to the 40 to 50 cm mark of the 80 to 100 cm depth.
Gaaffii 10
According to the orchard spacing table in the textbook, which fruit crop requires a permanent spacing of 10 m by 10 m, resulting in 100 trees per hectare?
Deebii: B Mango
Sababa
Table 2.1 lists Mango with a permanent spacing of 10 x 10 m and a population of 100 trees per hectare.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 2 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 21 hanga fuula 44 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi
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