Unit notes and practice questions
Everything here is for unit 2 of the Grade 12 Agriculture textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.
The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 12 Agriculture page. Open one at a time.
When you use it
Reach for this distinction when analyzing how non-freezing low temperatures affect different fruit types.
Watch out
Do not confuse chilling injury with chilling requirement. Chilling injury is physiological damage to tropical fruits from prolonged low temperatures, whereas chilling requirement is the necessary cool period temperate fruits need to break bud dormancy.
Drafted from Grade 12 Agriculture, pages 22-45, then checked twice before it went up
| Class | Ripening Respiration Peak | Ethylene Role | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Climacteric | Marked increase in respiration | Major trigger and coordinator of ripening | Tomato, Apple, Pear, Melon |
| Non-climacteric | Lacks ethylene-associated respiratory peak | Ripening signaling pathway absent | Grape, Orange, Pineapple |
When you use it
Use this table to distinguish fruit types based on respiration patterns and ethylene coordination during ripening.
Watch out
Non-climacteric fruits like citrus and grape do not continue ripening through ethylene bursts once harvested.
Drafted from Grade 12 Agriculture, pages 22-45, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Apply these rules when executing or evaluating asexual propagation using grafting methods.
Watch out
Grafting fails if the cambial regions of scion and stock are not in intimate contact, or if cut surfaces are not sealed with wax or tape to prevent drying out.
Drafted from Grade 12 Agriculture, pages 22-45, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this ratio when preparing standard soil media for potting bags and seedbeds in a fruit nursery.
Watch out
Do not mix equal parts. The textbook nursery soil ratio is strictly 2:1:1 for Forest soil, Sand, and Farm yard manure respectively.
Drafted from Grade 12 Agriculture, pages 22-45, then checked twice before it went up
10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.
Question 1
According to the textbook, what is an orchard?
Answer: A A farmland allocated for growing fruit crops
Why
The textbook defines an orchard as a farm land allocated for growing fruit crops.
Question 2
Which of the following is classified as an aggregate fruit?
Answer: B Strawberry
Why
An aggregate fruit develops from a single flower with many mature ovaries (fruitlets) on a single receptacle. Strawberry is the example given in the textbook.
Question 3
Which category of fruit crops requires a cold winter season as well as a summer growing season and can survive temperatures well below freezing?
Answer: C Temperate fruits
Why
Temperate fruits (such as apples, cherries, and peaches) require a cold winter and can survive temperatures considerably below freezing.
Question 4
What is the recommended ratio of forest soil, sand, and farm yard manure used in nursery soil mixtures?
Answer: B 2:1:1
Why
The textbook specifies that nursery soil mixtures of forest soil, sand, and farm yard manure are usually mixed in the ratio of 2:1:1, respectively.
Question 5
In the Ethiopian highlands where cultivated fruit supplies have historically been low, which indigenous wild fruits are commonly collected and eaten by children?
Answer: B Agam, Kega, Shola, and Koshim
Why
The textbook notes that in the Ethiopian highlands, children collect and consume indigenous wild fruits such as 'Agam', 'Kega', 'Shola', and 'Koshim'.
Question 6
How are climacteric fruits (such as apples and tomatoes) distinguished from non-climacteric fruits during ripening?
Answer: A They show an increase in respiration and ethylene production during ripening.
Why
Climacteric fruits are characterized by a ripening-associated increase in respiration and ethylene production, which triggers the ripening process.
Question 7
When preparing stem cuttings for vegetative propagation, what is the recommended length of the cutting?
Answer: B At least 15 cm but not longer than 30 cm
Why
According to the basic cutting technique described in the text, stem cuttings should be at least 15 cm long but not longer than 30 cm.
Question 8
For grafting to be successful, which tissue layer of the scion and the rootstock must be placed in intimate contact?
Answer: A The cambial region
Why
The cambial regions of the scion and stock contain actively dividing cells and must be in intimate contact for the graft union to heal and grow.
Question 9
When digging and preparing an 80 to 100 cm deep planting hole in an orchard, what is the proper way to handle and place the soil?
Answer: B Keep topsoil and subsoil separate, mix topsoil with organic matter, and fill the hole to the 40 to 50 cm mark.
Why
Topsoil and subsoil should be kept on separate sides because topsoil is better quality. The topsoil is mixed with organic matter (like manure or coffee husk) and used to fill the hole to the 40 to 50 cm mark of the 80 to 100 cm depth.
Question 10
According to the orchard spacing table in the textbook, which fruit crop requires a permanent spacing of 10 m by 10 m, resulting in 100 trees per hectare?
Answer: B Mango
Why
Table 2.1 lists Mango with a permanent spacing of 10 x 10 m and a population of 100 trees per hectare.
The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.
Unit 2 runs from page 21 to page 44 of the Ministry of Education edition.
Ministry of Education edition, English, 302 pages
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