Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 15 Qonna kutaa 12: Koorniyaa fi Soorata Namaa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 15 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 15
264–271
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 15

Asii jalqabi

Barnoota Temari boqonnaa 15

Barnoota viidiyoo gabaabaa boqonnaa kanaa, kan Temari'n qopheesse. Yommuu play tuqxu qofa fe'ama. Barnoonni kun Afaan Ingiliziitiin.

Gender words, from sex to mainstreaming · daqiiqaa 4 · Gaaffii qormaata darbe 2 hojjetaman

Kutaalee barnootaa

Barnoota achii jalqabee taphachiisuuf kutaa tokko tuqi.

Boqonnaan 15 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Basic gender-related terminologies

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 15

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the textbook, what is the size range of clay particles in soil?

  1. A.Less than 0.002 mm
  2. B.0.05 to 0.002 mm
  3. C.0.05 to 2.0 mm
  4. D.Greater than 2.0 mm
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Less than 0.002 mm

Sababa

The textbook specifies that clay particles have a diameter of less than 0.002 mm, whereas silt is 0.05 to 0.002 mm and sand is less than 2 to 0.05 mm.

Gaaffii 2

What is the definition of the bulk density of soil?

  1. A.The mass of the soil per unit volume of soil
  2. B.The resistance of soil to deformation under pressure
  3. C.The proportion of sand, silt, and clay separates
  4. D.The total amount of organic matter in the soil
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A The mass of the soil per unit volume of soil

Sababa

Bulk density is defined as the mass of the soil per unit volume of soil.

Gaaffii 3

What does the term Fanya-juu mean in the Swahili language?

  1. A.Throw uphill
  2. B.Dig downhill
  3. C.Level the ground
  4. D.Hold the water
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Throw uphill

Sababa

Fanya-juu is a Swahili phrase that means 'throw uphill'. It refers to an embankment constructed along the contour with a basin on the lower side.

Gaaffii 4

What is the difference between afforestation and reforestation?

  1. A.Afforestation plants new forests on land without trees, while reforestation regenerates lost forest cover.
  2. B.Afforestation is an indigenous practice, while reforestation is a mechanical engineering structure.
  3. C.Afforestation removes dead wood, while reforestation establishes grass strips along contours.
  4. D.Afforestation is used only in valleys, while reforestation is done exclusively on hilltops.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Afforestation plants new forests on land without trees, while reforestation regenerates lost forest cover.

Sababa

Afforestation is planting new forests across land that had no trees, whereas reforestation is the process of regenerating existing soil and forest balances.

Gaaffii 5

Which of the following is one of the three main principles of conservation farming?

  1. A.Minimum soil disturbance
  2. B.Complete removal of crop residues
  3. C.Continuous single crop monoculture
  4. D.Deep mechanical plowing before every rain
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Minimum soil disturbance

Sababa

The three main principles of conservation farming are minimum soil disturbance, crop residue management, and crop rotation practices.

Gaaffii 6

In an area enclosure system for degraded land, how long should livestock grazing and human interference be stopped?

  1. A.For 2 to 3 years, until 50% natural grass cover is obtained
  2. B.For 5 to 6 months, until the dry season ends
  3. C.For 10 years, until mature timber can be harvested
  4. D.For 1 month after the heavy rains stop
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A For 2 to 3 years, until 50% natural grass cover is obtained

Sababa

Area closure requires that no livestock graze and no human interference is permitted for 2 to 3 years, until a 50% natural grass cover is achieved.

Gaaffii 7

According to the textbook, how many tons of soil per acre can heavy rainstorms splash?

  1. A.As much as 90 tons
  2. B.As much as 45 tons
  3. C.As much as 20 tons
  4. D.As much as 5 tons
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A As much as 90 tons

Sababa

The textbook notes that heavy rainstorms can splash as much as 90 tons of soil per acre.

Gaaffii 8

Why are sand and silt referred to as the inactive part of the soil matrix?

  1. A.They do not contribute to the soil's ability to retain water or nutrients.
  2. B.They cannot be moved by wind or flowing surface water.
  3. C.They do not mix with organic matter under any conditions.
  4. D.They do not have any measurable physical volume.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A They do not contribute to the soil's ability to retain water or nutrients.

Sababa

Sand and silt are considered the inactive part of the soil matrix because they do not contribute to a soil's ability to retain soil water or nutrients.

Gaaffii 9

Which of the following belongs to indigenous mechanical soil and water conservation measures in Ethiopia?

  1. A.Stone bands and traditional cut-off drains
  2. B.Intercropping and crop rotation
  3. C.Mulching and fallowing
  4. D.Alley cropping and mixed cropping
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Stone bands and traditional cut-off drains

Sababa

Indigenous mechanical measures include cultivation on ridges, stone bands or barriers, traditional dams, cut-off drains, and terraces. Practices like intercropping, mulching, and alley cropping are indigenous biological measures.

Gaaffii 10

How does raindrop splash during heavy storms accelerate surface runoff on unprotected farmland?

  1. A.Splashed soil particles clog surface pores, reducing infiltration and increasing runoff.
  2. B.Splashed particles increase the cation exchange capacity of the topsoil.
  3. C.Splashed particles instantly convert clay minerals into inactive sand grains.
  4. D.Splashed particles destroy all adhesive consistency in subsoil layers.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Splashed soil particles clog surface pores, reducing infiltration and increasing runoff.

Sababa

Most splashed soil particles do not leave the field immediately; instead, they clog surface pores. This reduces water infiltration and consequently increases water runoff and erosion.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 24 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 15

Boqonnaan 15 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 264 hanga fuula 271 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 12 hunda

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