Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 4 Qonna kutaa 12: Oomisha fi Bulchiinsa Buna, Shaayii fi Urgooftuuwwanii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
4
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4
60–93
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 maal haguuga

  1. 1.History, origin, production status and e
  2. 2.Field establishment and management
  3. 3.Harvesting and processing coffee and tea

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 4

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Malleen buna funaanuu fi sadarkaa jiidha buna paarchimantii kuusaaf barbaachisu adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Buni paarchimantii osoo hin kuusamin dura jiidhisni isaa gara 11%tti gadi bu'uu qaba.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 62-96 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

MidhaaRooba BarbaachisuHo’a BarbaachisupH Biyyoo
Coffea arabica1524−2286 mm1524 - 2286\text{ mm}18−24∘C18 - 24^\circ\text{C}5.5−6.55.5 - 6.5
Coffea canephora1016−2540 mm1016 - 2540\text{ mm}24−26∘C24 - 26^\circ\text{C}5.5−6.55.5 - 6.5
Camellia sinensis>1200 mm> 1200\text{ mm}21−29∘C21 - 29^\circ\text{C}4.5−5.54.5 - 5.5

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Haala roobaa, ho'aa fi pH biyyoo oomisha sanyiiwwan bunaa fi shaayiif barbaachisu walbira qabuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Shaayiin biyyoo dhangaggaa'aa (pH 4.5 hanga 5.5) kan barbaadu yoo ta'u, buni immoo biyyoo dhangaggaayummaa giddu galeessaa (pH 5.5 hanga 6.5) barbaada.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 62-96 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Midhaa QarafaaMaqaa SaayinsiiQaama DhaabamuMoggaasa yookiin Amala
Jinjibila (Ginger)Zingiber officinaleRhizome setts (2.5−5.0 cm2.5 - 5.0\text{ cm})Midhaan soorata hedduu barbaadu (Heavy feeder crop)
Hurdii (Turmeric)Curcuma longaMother yookiin finger rhizomesGubbaan magaala, keessi burtukaana
CardamomElettaria cardamomumBiqiltuuwwan (Seedlings) yookiin suckersQueen of Spices (Green Gold)
Qundoo Barbaree (Black Pepper)Piper nigrumStem cuttings (hidda baasan)King of Spices
Koorarimmaa (Korerima)Aframomum corrorimaSanyiiwwan yookiin seedlingsEthiopian yookiin False Cardamom

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Maqaalee saayinsii, qaamolee dhaabbiif oolanii fi moggaasa qarafaalee beekamoo yaadachuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Cardamom Mootittii Qarafaa jedhama, Black Pepper immoo Mootii Qarafaa jedhamee beekama.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 62-96 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

SadarkaaIbsa AdeemsaaUlaagaa Ijoo yookiin Yeroo
PluckingBaalota 2 jalqabaa fi bud 1 sassaabuuSa'aatiiwwan ganamaa
WitheringJiidhina hambisuuf troughs keessa qilleensa bubbisiisuu80%→68−70%80\% \rightarrow 68 - 70\% (12−18 hours12 - 18\text{ hours})
RollingDhangala'aa fi enzymes gadi lakkisuuf seelota caccabsuuRaamsa jiidhinaa walqixxee
FermentationDhangala'aa baalaa Enzymatic oxidation gochuu2−3 hours2 - 3\text{ hours} (gara diimaa koopperiitti jijjiirama)
DryingQilleensa oo'ifameen oxidation dhaabuu20 min20\text{ min} 100−150∘C100 - 150^\circ\text{C} irratti (2−3%2 - 3\% jiidhina)

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tartiiba qophii shaayii, jijjiirama jiidhaa fi sadarkaalee ho'aa warshaalee keessatti fayyadaman adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Fermenteeshiniin shaayii adeemsa oksideeshinii dhangala'aa baalaa ti malee walhormaata baakteeriyaatiin miti.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 62-96 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the textbook, where does the high-quality species Coffea arabica originate?

  1. A.The rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia
  2. B.The Yunnan region in southwest China
  3. C.The coastal lowlands of India
  4. D.The Mediterranean valleys of North Africa
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A The rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia

Sababa

The high-quality species Coffea arabica originates from the rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia.

Gaaffii 2

During whose reign was tea first introduced to Ethiopia on a small scale in the early 1920s?

  1. A.Emperor Menelik II
  2. B.Empress Zewditu
  3. C.Emperor Haile Selassie
  4. D.Emperor Tewodros II
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Empress Zewditu

Sababa

Tea was introduced to Ethiopia and started operation at small scale in the early 1920s during the time of Empress Zewditu.

Gaaffii 3

Which spice is popularly known as the Queen of Spices and also referred to as Green Gold?

  1. A.Ginger
  2. B.Cardamom
  3. C.Turmeric
  4. D.Black pepper
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Cardamom

Sababa

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is known as the Queen of Spices and Green Gold, whereas black pepper is known as the King of Spices.

Gaaffii 4

When manually plucking fresh shoots to produce fine black or green tea, what do pluckers collect?

  1. A.The entire woody stem and lower leaves
  2. B.The first two leaves and one new bud
  3. C.All four upper mature leaves without buds
  4. D.Only the flowers and roots
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The first two leaves and one new bud

Sababa

For a fine black or green tea, manual pluckers harvest the first two leaves and one new bud.

Gaaffii 5

What is the best soil pH range for tea production?

  1. A.pH 3.0 to 4.0
  2. B.pH 4.5 to 5.5
  3. C.pH 5.5 to 6.5
  4. D.pH 7.0 to 8.0
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B pH 4.5 to 5.5

Sababa

The best soil type for tea production is of volcanic origin with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 5.5.

Gaaffii 6

Why is a 2% lime solution added to the nursery soil bed before sowing coffee parchment?

  1. A.Lime lowers the soil pH to prevent weeds
  2. B.Lime increases the pH level of the water, stimulating germination
  3. C.Lime hardens the outer parchment shell to stop rot
  4. D.Lime darkens the soil to keep it warm at night
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Lime increases the pH level of the water, stimulating germination

Sababa

Adding lime increases the pH level of the water, which stimulates coffee seed germination.

Gaaffii 7

During tea processing, what is the main purpose of withering?

  1. A.To reduce leaf moisture content from 80% to 68-70%
  2. B.To heat the leaves to 150 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes
  3. C.To turn the leaves copper-red using high humidity
  4. D.To crush cell walls and release enzymes immediately
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A To reduce leaf moisture content from 80% to 68-70%

Sababa

Withering eliminates excess water, reducing the moisture content of the leaf from 80% down to 68-70%, making the leaves easier to cut and roll.

Gaaffii 8

How is ginger typically propagated for field planting?

  1. A.By portion of seed rhizomes (setts) with one or two buds
  2. B.By single node leaf cuttings under mist
  3. C.By true seeds sown in nursery polythene bags
  4. D.By stem grafting onto black pepper vines
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A By portion of seed rhizomes (setts) with one or two buds

Sababa

Ginger is always propagated by portion of seed rhizomes cut into setts of 2.5 to 5.0 cm (weighing 15 to 20 grams) having one or two buds.

Gaaffii 9

In the wet processing method of coffee, to what moisture content must the pulped and fermented beans be dried before storage?

  1. A.Approximately 2% to 3%
  2. B.Approximately 11%
  3. C.Approximately 25%
  4. D.Approximately 50%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Approximately 11%

Sababa

In the wet method, the pulped and fermented coffee beans must be dried to approximately 11% moisture to prepare them properly for storage.

Gaaffii 10

What is the recommended plant population density per hectare for young tea plantations using compact frames?

  1. A.5,000 to 6,000 plants per hectare
  2. B.8,000 to 10,000 plants per hectare
  3. C.15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare
  4. D.25,000 to 30,000 plants per hectare
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare

Sababa

Compact frames allow a tea planter to plant a total density of 15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 60 hanga fuula 93 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 12 hunda

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