የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ12ኛ ክፍል ግብርና ምዕራፍ 4፦ የቡና፣ ሻይ እና ቅመማ ቅመሞች ምርት እና አያያዝ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የግብርና መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 4 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
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የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.History, origin, production status and e
  2. 2.Field establishment and management
  3. 3.Harvesting and processing coffee and tea

የምዕራፍ 4 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ12ኛ ክፍል የግብርና ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የመምረጥ እና የጅምላ መልቀሚያ ዘዴዎችን እንዲሁም የፓርችመንት ቡና ማከማቻ እርጥበት መጠንን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የፓርችመንት ቡና ከመከማቸቱ እና ከመወቀጡ በፊት የእርጥበት መጠኑ በትክክል ወደ 11% መድረስ አለበት።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 62-96 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ሰብልምቹ የዝናብ መጠንምቹ የሙቀት መጠንየአፈር pH
Coffea arabica1524−2286 mm1524 - 2286\text{ mm}18−24∘C18 - 24^\circ\text{C}5.5−6.55.5 - 6.5
Coffea canephora1016−2540 mm1016 - 2540\text{ mm}24−26∘C24 - 26^\circ\text{C}5.5−6.55.5 - 6.5
Camellia sinensis>1200 mm> 1200\text{ mm}21−29∘C21 - 29^\circ\text{C}4.5−5.54.5 - 5.5

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ለቡና ዝርያዎች እና ለሻይ ልማት የሚያስፈልጉ ምቹ የዝናብ፣ የሙቀት እና የአፈር pH ሁኔታዎችን ለማወዳደር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሻይ አሲዳማ አፈር (pH 4.5 እስከ 5.5) የሚፈልግ ሲሆን፣ ቡና ግን መጠነኛ አሲዳማ አፈር (pH 5.5 እስከ 6.5) ይፈልጋል።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 62-96 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የቅመም ሰብልሳይንሳዊ ስምየመተከያ አካልመጠሪያ ወይም መለያ ባህሪ
ዝንጅብል (Ginger)Zingiber officinaleRhizome setts (2.5−5.0 cm2.5 - 5.0\text{ cm})ከፍተኛ ንጥረ-ምግብ ፈላጊ ሰብል (Heavy feeder crop)
እርድ (Turmeric)Curcuma longaMother ወይም finger rhizomesውጩ ቡናማ፣ ውስጡ ብርቱካናማ
Cardamom (የህንድ ኮረሪማ)Elettaria cardamomumችግኞች (Seedlings) ወይም suckersQueen of Spices (Green Gold)
ቁንዶ በርበሬ (Black Pepper)Piper nigrumStem cuttings (ስር ያበቀሉ)King of Spices
ኮረሪማ (Korerima)Aframomum corrorimaዘሮች ወይም ችግኞች (Seedlings)Ethiopian ወይም False Cardamom

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የዋነኛ ቅመማ ቅመሞችን ሳይንሳዊ ስሞች፣ የመትከያ አካላት እና ተጓዳኝ መጠሪያዎችን ለማስታወስ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Cardamom የቅመሞች ንግሥት ተብሎ ሲጠራ፣ Black Pepper ደግሞ የቅመሞች ንጉሥ ተብሎ ይጠራል።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 62-96 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ደረጃየሂደቱ መግለጫዋነኛ መለኪያ ወይም ቆይታ
Pluckingየመጀመሪያዎቹን 2 ቅጠሎች እና 1 bud መሰብሰብየማለዳ ሰዓታት
Witheringእርጥበትን ለማስወገድ በ troughs ላይ አየር መንፋት80%→68−70%80\% \rightarrow 68 - 70\% (12−18 hours12 - 18\text{ hours})
Rollingጭማቂዎችን እና enzymes ለመልቀቅ ሴሎችን መጨፍለቅእኩል የእርጥበት ስርጭት
Fermentationየቅጠል ፈሳሾች Enzymatic oxidation ሂደት2−3 hours2 - 3\text{ hours} (ወደ መዳብ ቀይ ቀለም ይቀየራል)
Dryingበሞቀ አየር oxidationን ማስቆም20 min20\text{ min} በ 100−150∘C100 - 150^\circ\text{C} (2−3%2 - 3\% እርጥበት)

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በሻይ ማምረት ሂደት ውስጥ ያሉትን ቅደም ተከተሎች፣ የእርጥበት ለውጦች እና የሙቀት መስፈርቶች ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የሻይ ፈርመንቴሽን በቅጠል ፈሳሾች ኢንዛይማዊ ኦክሲዴሽን የሚካሄድ እንጂ በማይክሮቦች አማካኝነት የሚደረግ አይደለም።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 62-96 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 4 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, where does the high-quality species Coffea arabica originate?

  1. A.The rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia
  2. B.The Yunnan region in southwest China
  3. C.The coastal lowlands of India
  4. D.The Mediterranean valleys of North Africa
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A The rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia

ምክንያቱ

The high-quality species Coffea arabica originates from the rainforests in the southwestern highlands of Ethiopia.

ጥያቄ 2

During whose reign was tea first introduced to Ethiopia on a small scale in the early 1920s?

  1. A.Emperor Menelik II
  2. B.Empress Zewditu
  3. C.Emperor Haile Selassie
  4. D.Emperor Tewodros II
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Empress Zewditu

ምክንያቱ

Tea was introduced to Ethiopia and started operation at small scale in the early 1920s during the time of Empress Zewditu.

ጥያቄ 3

Which spice is popularly known as the Queen of Spices and also referred to as Green Gold?

  1. A.Ginger
  2. B.Cardamom
  3. C.Turmeric
  4. D.Black pepper
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Cardamom

ምክንያቱ

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is known as the Queen of Spices and Green Gold, whereas black pepper is known as the King of Spices.

ጥያቄ 4

When manually plucking fresh shoots to produce fine black or green tea, what do pluckers collect?

  1. A.The entire woody stem and lower leaves
  2. B.The first two leaves and one new bud
  3. C.All four upper mature leaves without buds
  4. D.Only the flowers and roots
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The first two leaves and one new bud

ምክንያቱ

For a fine black or green tea, manual pluckers harvest the first two leaves and one new bud.

ጥያቄ 5

What is the best soil pH range for tea production?

  1. A.pH 3.0 to 4.0
  2. B.pH 4.5 to 5.5
  3. C.pH 5.5 to 6.5
  4. D.pH 7.0 to 8.0
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B pH 4.5 to 5.5

ምክንያቱ

The best soil type for tea production is of volcanic origin with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 5.5.

ጥያቄ 6

Why is a 2% lime solution added to the nursery soil bed before sowing coffee parchment?

  1. A.Lime lowers the soil pH to prevent weeds
  2. B.Lime increases the pH level of the water, stimulating germination
  3. C.Lime hardens the outer parchment shell to stop rot
  4. D.Lime darkens the soil to keep it warm at night
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Lime increases the pH level of the water, stimulating germination

ምክንያቱ

Adding lime increases the pH level of the water, which stimulates coffee seed germination.

ጥያቄ 7

During tea processing, what is the main purpose of withering?

  1. A.To reduce leaf moisture content from 80% to 68-70%
  2. B.To heat the leaves to 150 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes
  3. C.To turn the leaves copper-red using high humidity
  4. D.To crush cell walls and release enzymes immediately
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A To reduce leaf moisture content from 80% to 68-70%

ምክንያቱ

Withering eliminates excess water, reducing the moisture content of the leaf from 80% down to 68-70%, making the leaves easier to cut and roll.

ጥያቄ 8

How is ginger typically propagated for field planting?

  1. A.By portion of seed rhizomes (setts) with one or two buds
  2. B.By single node leaf cuttings under mist
  3. C.By true seeds sown in nursery polythene bags
  4. D.By stem grafting onto black pepper vines
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A By portion of seed rhizomes (setts) with one or two buds

ምክንያቱ

Ginger is always propagated by portion of seed rhizomes cut into setts of 2.5 to 5.0 cm (weighing 15 to 20 grams) having one or two buds.

ጥያቄ 9

In the wet processing method of coffee, to what moisture content must the pulped and fermented beans be dried before storage?

  1. A.Approximately 2% to 3%
  2. B.Approximately 11%
  3. C.Approximately 25%
  4. D.Approximately 50%
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Approximately 11%

ምክንያቱ

In the wet method, the pulped and fermented coffee beans must be dried to approximately 11% moisture to prepare them properly for storage.

ጥያቄ 10

What is the recommended plant population density per hectare for young tea plantations using compact frames?

  1. A.5,000 to 6,000 plants per hectare
  2. B.8,000 to 10,000 plants per hectare
  3. C.15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare
  4. D.25,000 to 30,000 plants per hectare
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare

ምክንያቱ

Compact frames allow a tea planter to plant a total density of 15,000 to 16,000 plants per hectare.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 4 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 4 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 60 እስከ ገጽ 93 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 302 ገጾች

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