የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ12ኛ ክፍል ግብርና ምዕራፍ 3፦ የቃላት ትርጓሜ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የግብርና መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 3 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 3 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
45–59
የምዕራፍ 3 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 3 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.Definition of terms
  2. 2.Classification of root and tuber crops
  3. 3.Importance of root and tuber crops
  4. 4.Prospects of root and tuber crops production
  5. 5.Problems of root and tuber crops production
  6. 6.Harvesting and post-harvest handling of root

የምዕራፍ 3 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ12ኛ ክፍል የግብርና ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የመነሻ ምድብየተካተቱ ሰብሎች
የኢትዮጵያ ሀገር በቀል (Indigenous to Ethiopia)Enset (እንሰት)፣ anchote (አንቾቴ)፣ Ethiopian potato (የኢትዮጵያ ድንች)፣ yam
ከውጭ የገቡ (Exotic / Introduced)Taro (ጎደሬ)፣ tannia፣ cassava፣ potato (ድንች)፣ sweet potato (ስኳር ድንች)

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የኢትዮጵያን የስር እና ቁጥቋጦ ሰብሎች በጂኦግራፊያዊ እና በዝርያ አመጣጣቸው ለመመደብ ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ድንች፣ ስኳር ድንች እና ካሳቫ በኢትዮጵያ በስፋት ቢመረቱም የውጭ ሀገር ዝርያዎች እንጂ ሀገር በቀል አይደሉም።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 46-61 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ሰብልዋና ዋና ተባዮችዋና ዋና በሽታዎች
ድንችTuber moth፣ aphids፣ leaf minersLate blight፣ bacterial wilt፣ virus
ስኳር ድንችWeevil፣ butterfly፣ hornwormViral diseases (የቫይረስ በሽታዎች)
ካሳቫGreen mite፣ red spider miteCassava mosaic virus

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በኢትዮጵያ የስር እና ቁጥቋጦ ሰብሎችን ምርታማነት የሚቀንሱ ዋና ዋና ተባዮችንና በሽታዎችን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የድንች አረ Multiple/ሌት ብላይት በተለይ ለድንች እጅግ አደገኛ ሲሆን ዊቪል ደግሞ በስኳር ድንች ላይ ከፍተኛ ጉዳት ያደርሳል።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 46-61 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በስር ሰብሎች እና በእህል እህሎች መካከል ያለውን የድህረ ምርት ብክነት ፊዚዮሎጂያዊ ምክንያቶች ለማስረዳት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የስር ሰብል ማከማቻን እንደ እህል ማከማቻ አድርገው አይቁጠሩ። የእህል ብክነት በዋነኝነት የሚከሰተው በውጫዊ ተባዮች ሲሆን የስር ሰብሎች ግን በከፍተኛ የውሃ ይዘት፣ በአተነፋፈስ፣ በቡቃያ መውጣት እና በውስጣዊ የፊዚዮሎጂ መዛባት ምክንያት ይበላሻሉ።

ከGrade 12 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 46-61 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 3 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

According to the textbook, what is a tuber crop?

  1. A.A crop with swollen underground stems and roots
  2. B.A cereal crop grown exclusively for dry grain
  3. C.A tree crop that bears fleshy fruits
  4. D.A leafy green vegetable harvested for foliage
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A A crop with swollen underground stems and roots

ምክንያቱ

The textbook defines tuber crops as crops with swollen underground stems and roots, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, and yams.

ጥያቄ 2

Which of the following plants develops a thickened secondary root, known as a tuberous root?

  1. A.Sweet potato
  2. B.Carrot
  3. C.Sugar beet
  4. D.Parsnip
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Sweet potato

ምክንያቱ

A tuberous root is a thickened secondary root, as seen in sweet potato and cassava. In contrast, carrot and sugar beet develop fleshy primary roots.

ጥያቄ 3

Which of the following is classified as an indigenous root and tuber crop in Ethiopia?

  1. A.Anchote
  2. B.Taro
  3. C.Tania
  4. D.Cassava
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Anchote

ምክንያቱ

The major indigenous root and tuber crops found in Ethiopia are enset, anchote, Ethiopian potato, and yams. Taro, tania, and cassava are exotic species.

ጥያቄ 4

What is the single most important factor affecting the rate of respiration in stored root and tuber crops?

  1. A.Temperature
  2. B.Soil pH
  3. C.Container color
  4. D.Seed coat thickness
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Temperature

ምክንያቱ

Temperature is the single most important factor affecting respiration rate, sprout growth, and the development of rotting micro-organisms during storage.

ጥያቄ 5

Which root crop is considered an insurance crop and food security crop because it can be grown year-round under suitable climatic conditions?

  1. A.Sweet potato
  2. B.Taro
  3. C.White yam
  4. D.Sugar beet
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Sweet potato

ምክንያቱ

Sweet potato can be grown all year round under suitable conditions, making it an insurance crop and a vital food security crop in drought-prone areas.

ጥያቄ 6

Which disease represents the most serious threat to increased potato production in Ethiopia?

  1. A.Late blight
  2. B.Coffee berry disease
  3. C.Stem rust
  4. D.Powdery mildew
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Late blight

ምክንያቱ

The textbook highlights late blight as the most serious disease threat to increasing potato production in Ethiopia.

ጥያቄ 7

Approximately what percentage of Ethiopia is covered with natural water bodies (lakes and rivers) that facilitate root and tuber production via irrigation?

  1. A.0.7%
  2. B.5.0%
  3. C.12.5%
  4. D.23.0%
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 0.7%

ምክንያቱ

About 0.7% of Ethiopia is covered by natural water bodies, which enhances the potential for irrigated root and tuber crop production.

ጥያቄ 8

What is a key botanical difference between rhizomes and roots?

  1. A.Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems that produce shoots and roots from nodes
  2. B.Rhizomes grow only vertically and lack nodes
  3. C.Rhizomes develop directly from enlarged taproots
  4. D.Rhizomes are found only above ground on tree branches
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems that produce shoots and roots from nodes

ምክንያቱ

Rhizomes are stems that grow horizontally underground and send out new stems and roots from their nodes.

ጥያቄ 9

Which insect pests are specifically identified as major threats to sweet potato production in Ethiopia?

  1. A.Weevil and butterfly
  2. B.Tuber moth and aphid
  3. C.Green mite and red spider mite
  4. D.Leaf miner and stalk borer
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Weevil and butterfly

ምክንያቱ

The textbook specifically lists weevil and butterfly as major insect pests that hamper sweet potato productivity.

ጥያቄ 10

Unlike cereal grains whose storage losses are mainly caused by external factors, root and tuber losses in storage are primarily caused by:

  1. A.Physiological disorders, moisture loss, and microbial spoilage
  2. B.Rapid loss of fat content and grain hardening
  3. C.Sudden germination of woody seed coats
  4. D.Immediate insect hollow feeding only
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Physiological disorders, moisture loss, and microbial spoilage

ምክንያቱ

Root and tuber crops have higher moisture content and metabolic activity, so storage losses are primarily driven by physiological disorders, water loss, and microbial spoilage.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 3 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 3 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 45 እስከ ገጽ 59 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 302 ገጾች

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