Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 6 Qonna kutaa 12: Oomisha fi Bulchiinsa Loon Foonii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 6 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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6
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6
104–134
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Beef cattle breeds and methods of selection
  2. 2.Beef cattle feeds and feeding methods
  3. 3.Beef cattle housing
  4. 4.Major disease of beef cattle and control
  5. 5.Meat production and processing

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 6

Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

SanyiiIddoo MaddaaGosa QilleensaaAmaloota Ijoo
BoranSouthern EthiopiaTropicalDandamataa, guddina saffisaa, qulqullina foonii baay'ee gaarii, gaanfa kan qabu
BrahmanIndiaTropicalHo'a cimaa dandamachuu, gogaa furdaa, tukaalee kan dandamatu
AfrikanderSouth AfricaTropicalBifa diimaa dukkana'aa, dhibee silmii dandamachuu, haadhummaa gaarii
HerefordEnglandTemperateDiimaa dukkana'aa hanga boora diimaatti, dalluu kan hin qabne, haala qilleensaa hunda waliin kan baru
AngusScotlandTemperateGurraacha yookiin diimaa, uumamaan gaanfa maleessa (polled), qorra kan baru, dalluu kan hin qabne
CharolaisFranceTemperateGuddaa, irra caalaatti adii, dhaluuf salphaa kan ta'e, dalluu kan hin qabne

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kanaan sanyiiwwan loon foonii naannoo ho'aa fi qorraa iddoo maddaafi amala isaaniin adda baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Sanyiin naannoo ho'aa gooboo kan qaban yoo ta'u, sanyiin naannoo qorraa kan akka Hereford fi Angus gooboo hin qaban.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 106-127 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Dressing Percentage=WcarcassWlive×100\text{Dressing Percentage} = \frac{W_{\text{carcass}}}{W_{\text{live}}} \times 100
WcarcassW_{\text{carcass}}
Ulfaatii foon qulqulluu mi'i keessoo erga ba'ee boodaa (Dressed carcass weight)kg\text{kg}
WliveW_{\text{live}}
Ulfaatina beeylada lubbuun jiru qalamuun dura (Live animal weight)kg\text{kg}
Dressing Percentage\text{Dressing Percentage}
Reeshiyoo ulfaatii foonii fi ulfaatina lubbuun jiru gidduu (Dressing percentage)%\%

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kanaan dhibbeentaa oomisha foon qulqulluu ulfaatina lubbuun jiruufi ulfaatina foonii irraa herreguuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Ulfaatiin foonii kan safaramu mi'oota keessoo baasuun booda malee guutummaa reeffa beeyladaa miti.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 106-127 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kanaan seera tartiiba nyaataa fi kallattii ijaarsa mana loon furdisanii murteessuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda nyaata gogaa (roughage) dura kennaa, itti aansee konsoontireetii kennaa. Manni loonii aduu hir'isuuf bahaa gara dhihaatti ijaarama.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 106-127 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

DhukkubaGosa JarmiiMadda DhukkubichaaMallattoolee Ijoo
RinderpestVaayirasii (Viral)RP virusDhiqama qaama bullaa'insa nyaataa, garaa kaasaa dhiigaa, akkaataa taa'umsa milk fever
Dhukkuba Miilaa fi Afaanii (Foot and Mouth Disease)Vaayirasii (Viral)FMD virusMuzzle fi miila irratti dhiitawwan (vesicles), gorora dhangalaasuu, sagalee clicking sound
RabiesVaayirasii (Viral)Rabies virusAggression, mar'achuu, laamshaa'uu, gorora garmalee dhangalaasuu
Bovine Viral DiarrheaVaayirasii (Viral)BVD virusErosive stomatitis, garaa kaasaa foolii badaa qabu, ulfa baasuu, laminitis
CBPPBaakteeriyaa (Bacterial)Mycoplasma mycoidesYeroo socho'an qufaasisuu, hargansuu ariifataa, dugda dacha'aa, carrier lungers
Bovine TBBaakteeriyaa (Bacterial)Mycobacterium bovisOrgan tubercles, qufaa chronic hacking cough, zoonotic
AnthraxBaakteeriyaa (Bacterial)Bacillus anthracisDu'a battalaa (peracute death), mormi dhiita'uu, dhiiga gurraacha akka taraa dhangalaasuu

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Kanaan dhukkuboota loonii gosa jarmiitiin ramaduufi mallattoolee isaanii adda baasuuf fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

CBPPn baakteeriyaa Mycoplasma jedhamuun dhufa malee vaayirasiin miti. Anthrax dhiiga gurraacha qaama irraa dhangalaasa.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 106-127 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tooftaa ittisaa fi to'annoo dhukkuba black leg loonii fi hoolaa deebisuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yaalli dhukkuba black leg bu'aa hin qabu. To'annoon isaa talaallii yeroo duraa fi reeffa dhabamsiisuu irratti hundaa'a.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 128-149 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

TooftaaQajeelcha ykn WantootaDhiibbaa Foon Irraan Gahu
SaltingNaCl hanga 5%Bishaan qabata akkasumas jiidhina hir'isa
CuringNaCl fi NaNO2\text{NaNO}_2Bifa diimaa yookaan piinkii uuma
SmokingAara mukaa seensisuuDhandhama, bifa fi tursiisa fooyyessa
DryingJiidhina hir'isuuGuddina microbial dhaaba (quanta)
CanningHo'a olaanaa fi hermetic sealSpores kan Clostridium botulinum hojiin ala taasisa

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tooftaalee keemikaalaa fi fiizikaalaa foon tursiisuuf oolan adda baasuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Soogiddaan tursiisuun foon kan eegu jiidha xiqqeessuudhaani malee baakteeriyaa kallattiin ajjeesuudhaan miti.

Grade 12 Agriculture, fuula 128-149 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What is the place of origin of the Boran cattle breed?

  1. A.England
  2. B.Southern Ethiopia
  3. C.India
  4. D.South Africa
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Southern Ethiopia

Sababa

The textbook specifies that the Boran cattle breed originated in Southern Ethiopia.

Gaaffii 2

Which temperate beef cattle breed originates from Scotland and is naturally polled (hornless)?

  1. A.Angus
  2. B.Hereford
  3. C.Charolais
  4. D.Brahman
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Angus

Sababa

The Angus (or Aberdeen Angus) breed originates from Scotland and is polled.

Gaaffii 3

What is marbling in beef cattle evaluation?

  1. A.The weight of the carcass after removing internal organs
  2. B.The ratio of dressed carcass weight to live weight
  3. C.The flecks of fat within the muscle (intramuscular fat)
  4. D.The external layer of fat over the back
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C The flecks of fat within the muscle (intramuscular fat)

Sababa

Marbling is defined as the flecks of fat within the muscle (intramuscular fat), which contributes to the flavor and juiciness of meat.

Gaaffii 4

Which peracute bacterial disease of cattle is caused by Bacillus anthracis and is characterized by sudden death and tarry blood from body openings?

  1. A.Rabies
  2. B.Anthrax
  3. C.Rinderpest
  4. D.Bovine viral diarrhea
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Anthrax

Sababa

Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and causes septicemia, sudden death, and dark, tarry blood flowing from body openings.

Gaaffii 5

In a commercial feedlot operation, what is the correct order of offering feeds to beef cattle?

  1. A.Concentrate feeds first, followed by roughage
  2. B.Roughage first, followed by concentrate feeds
  3. C.Only concentrate feeds without any roughage
  4. D.High moisture roots only once per week
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Roughage first, followed by concentrate feeds

Sababa

In commercial feedlot feeding, beef cattle should be offered roughage first, followed by concentrate feeds.

Gaaffii 6

In what direction should a beef cattle house be built to protect animals from morning and afternoon sun and rain?

  1. A.North-south direction
  2. B.East-west direction
  3. C.North-east direction
  4. D.South-west direction
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B East-west direction

Sababa

The animal house should be oriented in an east-west direction to shield cattle from direct morning and afternoon sunlight as well as rain.

Gaaffii 7

At what age is yearling weight measured in beef cattle to assess combined pre-weaning and post-weaning growth?

  1. A.Just after birth
  2. B.Around 205 days of age
  3. C.Between 320 and 410 days of age
  4. D.Above 600 days of age
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Between 320 and 410 days of age

Sababa

Yearling weight is taken between 320 and 410 days of age to measure combined pre-weaning and post-weaning growth.

Gaaffii 8

A cattle fattener in Ethiopia wants to provide a protein-rich concentrate feed. Which of the following is preferred as a protein source?

  1. A.Noug seed cake
  2. B.Wheat bran
  3. C.Ground sorghum
  4. D.Maize grain
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Noug seed cake

Sababa

Commercial cattle fatteners in Ethiopia prefer noug seed cake, cotton seed cake, and faba or lentil bean bran as protein sources, whereas wheat bran, sorghum, and maize serve as energy sources.

Gaaffii 9

Which of the following is categorized as a carcass quantity trait rather than a carcass quality trait?

  1. A.Marbling score
  2. B.Dressing percentage
  3. C.Ribeye area
  4. D.Fat thickness
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Dressing percentage

Sababa

Carcass quantity traits include pre-slaughter live weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Marbling score, ribeye, and fat thickness are carcass quality (composition) traits.

Gaaffii 10

In which cattle disease do recovered animals, known as lungers, act as carriers and shedders of the pathogen under stress?

  1. A.Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
  2. B.Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
  3. C.Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
  4. D.Rabies
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)

Sababa

In CBPP (caused by Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides), recovered animals are called 'lungers' and serve as carriers and shedders of the infection.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 104 hanga fuula 134 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 302

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Qonna kutaa 12 hunda

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