Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Keemistirii kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Keemistirii kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Tarkaanfilee kanneenitti fayyadamuun wal-qixxaatoota keemikaalaa oomisha asiidii salfariikii warshaa barreessi.
Of eeggadhu
SO3 kallattiin bishaan keessatti hin bulbulamu, gara H2SO4 kuusaa keessatti bulbulamuun ooleyeemii (H2S2O7) uuma.
Grade 12 Chemistry, fuula 136-213 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Oomisha soodiyeem kaarbooneetii (Na2CO3) fi oomisha cinaa isaa adda baasuuf tartiiba wal-nyaatinsaa kanatti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Meeshaaleen dhedhii walii-galaa CaCO3 fi NaCl yoo ta'an, oomishni cinaa inni guddaan CaCl2 dha, akkasumas NH3 deebisamee hojiirra oola.
Grade 12 Chemistry, fuula 136-213 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo adeemsa asiidii salfariikii kuusaa qallisuu fi qabachuu ibsitu seera kanatti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Gonkumaa bishaan gara asiidii salfariikii kuusaatti hin dabalin. Makinsi kun hoo'a guddaa waan maddisiisuuf, yeroo hunda asiidicha suuta gara bishaaniitti dabali.
Grade 12 Chemistry, fuula 136-213 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Xaa'oo | Meeshaalee Dhedhii | Wal-nyaatinsa Oomishaa |
|---|---|---|
| Urea | , | |
| DAP | , |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Wal-nyaatinsa qophii warshaa xaa'oowwan naayitiroojiinii kanneen akka Yuuriyaa fi DAP barreessuuf gabatee kanatti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Oomishni yuuriyaa gara yuuriyaatti jijjiiramuu dura sadarkaa giddu-galeessaatti amooniyeem kaarbaameetii uuma.
Grade 12 Chemistry, fuula 136-213 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
In the Haber-Bosch process for industrial ammonia production, which substance is used as a catalyst?
Deebii: C Iron particles
Sababa
In the Haber-Bosch process, nitrogen and hydrogen gases are reacted in a chamber containing iron particles (or lined with iron) at 300 to 500 °C and 15 to 25 MPa pressure.
Gaaffii 2
What is the percentage of nitrogen content in solid urea fertilizer?
Deebii: C 46%
Sababa
Urea is a widely used solid fertilizer that has a high nitrogen content of 46%.
Gaaffii 3
Which catalyst is used in the Contact process to convert sulfur dioxide (SO2) into sulfur trioxide (SO3)?
Deebii: B V2O5
Sababa
In Step 2 of the Contact process, the conversion of SO2 to SO3 is carried out at 400 °C in the presence of a V2O5 (vanadium pentoxide) catalyst.
Gaaffii 4
About half of the total world production of sodium carbonate is used in the manufacturing of which product?
Deebii: A Glass
Sababa
About 50% of all sodium carbonate produced is used in the manufacturing of glass, where it acts as a flux in the melting of silica.
Gaaffii 5
Under laboratory conditions, pure nitric acid is prepared by heating which mixture below 200 °C?
Deebii: B Potassium nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid
Sababa
Laboratory preparation of nitric acid involves heating potassium nitrate (KNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), where the less volatile acid displaces the more volatile nitric acid.
Gaaffii 6
In Step 1 of the Ostwald process, ammonia is burned in excess oxygen over a platinum catalyst to produce which primary gas?
Deebii: B Nitric oxide (NO)
Sababa
In Step 1 of the Ostwald process, ammonia is catalytically oxidized to produce nitric oxide (NO) and water: 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O.
Gaaffii 7
Which group of synthetic pesticides has a chemical structure based on the plant alkaloid Physostigma venenosum?
Deebii: C Carbamates
Sababa
Carbamates are carbamic acid derivatives whose chemical structures are based on the plant alkaloid Physostigma venenosum.
Gaaffii 8
What is the main by-product formed in the Solvay process for manufacturing sodium carbonate?
Deebii: A Calcium chloride (CaCl2)
Sababa
The overall Solvay process reaction is CaCO3 + 2NaCl → Na2CO3 + CaCl2, making calcium chloride the primary by-product.
Gaaffii 9
In standard urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) liquid solutions, what percentage of the actual nitrogen is formulated as amide nitrogen?
Deebii: D 50%
Sababa
All common UAN solutions are formulated so that 50% of the total actual nitrogen is from amide (from urea), 25% from ammonium, and 25% from nitrate.
Gaaffii 10
In Step 3 of the Contact process, sulfur trioxide is absorbed into 98% sulfuric acid to produce oleum. What is the chemical formula of oleum?
Deebii: B H2S2O7
Sababa
Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid) is formed by the reaction SO3 + H2SO4 → H2S2O7.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 136 hanga fuula 213 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 298
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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