Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 1 Afaan Ingiliffaa kutaa 12: Misooma Waaraa

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 1 kitaaba Afaan Ingiliffaa kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

Google Play irraa buufadhaa
3
Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1
1–23
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 1

Kaardiiwwan fuula Afaan Ingiliffaa kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Walitti qabsiiftuuWanta itti aanuFakkeenya
although / even thoughSubject + Verb (Clause)Although it rained, we went out.
despite / in spite ofNoun / Gerund (-ing) / PronounDespite the rain, we went out.
despite the fact that / in spite of the fact thatSubject + Verb (Clause)Despite the fact that it rained, we went out.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yaadota lamaan wal faallessan walitti hidhuuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Gonkumaa 'despite of' hin jedhin. 'despite' qofa yookiin 'in spite of' fayyadami.

Grade 12 English, fuula 1-23 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Sagalee Dhuma HundeeSagalee DabalataaFakkeenyota
/t/ yookiin /d//-id/wanted, decided, needed
Voiceless: /p/, /f/, /k/, /s/, /sh/, /ch/, /th//-t/watched, finished, stopped, laughed
Voiced: /b/, /v/, /g/, /z/, /j/, /th/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, vowels/-d/planned, called, loved, agreed

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Dabalanni darbee -ed sagalee /-t/, /-d/, yookiin /-id/ qabaachuu isaa baruuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Hundeen gochimaa sagalee /t/ yookiin /d/ yoo hin xumuramne, -ed akka /-id/ hin dubbisin.

Grade 12 English, fuula 1-23 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gosa CaccabaaRakkinaMala Sirreeffamaa
Missing SubjectPredicate verb subject hin qabuSubject yookiin pronoun mijataa ta'e dabaluu.
Missing VerbSubject main verb hin qabuMain verb dabaluu.
Dependent Clause AloneSubordinate clause akka himaatti tuqaaleen itti fayyadameMain clause waliin qabsiisuu yookiin subordinator balleessuu.

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Himoota hin guutamne adda baasuu fi gara hima guutuutti jijjiiruuf fayyadami.

Of eeggadhu

Himi hirkataan jechoota akka 'even though', 'after', yookiin 'because' jedhuun eegalu kophaa isaa dhaabbachuu hin danda'u.

Grade 12 English, fuula 1-23 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 1

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

According to the grammar notes in Unit 1, which of the following words must be followed by a subject and a verb when linking contrasting ideas?

  1. A.Despite
  2. B.In spite of
  3. C.Although
  4. D.Regardless of
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Although

Sababa

The textbook explains that although and even though are followed by a subject and a verb. In contrast, despite and in spite of are followed by a noun, gerund, or pronoun.

Gaaffii 2

According to the pronunciation rules for regular past tense verbs, when is the suffix -(e)d pronounced as /id/?

  1. A.When the base verb ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound
  2. B.When the base verb ends in a voiceless consonant
  3. C.When the base verb ends in a vowel sound
  4. D.When the base verb ends in /p/, /k/, or /s/
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A When the base verb ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound

Sababa

The textbook notes that if the verb base ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound, the ending -(e)d sounds like /id/ (for example, in wanted or needed).

Gaaffii 3

Based on the vocabulary section in Unit 1, what is the meaning of the word synergy?

  1. A.Protection and careful management of the environment
  2. B.Combined or cooperative action or force
  3. C.Broader in content and scope
  4. D.Putting an issue as a central part of a plan
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Combined or cooperative action or force

Sababa

In Activity 1.8, synergy is defined as combined or cooperative action or force.

Gaaffii 4

According to the writing skills section, what are the three major parts of a well-structured paragraph?

  1. A.Introduction, body, and summary
  2. B.Topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence
  3. C.Thesis statement, transitions, and conclusion
  4. D.Main clause, dependent clause, and punctuation
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence

Sababa

The textbook explicitly lists the three major parts of a paragraph as: topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence.

Gaaffii 5

According to the pronunciation guide, for which group of word-ending sounds is the affix -s pronounced as /-iz/?

  1. A./p/, /k/, /t/, /f/, /θ/
  2. B./b/, /d/, /g/, /l/, /m/
  3. C./s/, /t∫/, /dʒ/, /z/, /∫/, /ʒ/
  4. D./v/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /ð/
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C /s/, /t∫/, /dʒ/, /z/, /∫/, /ʒ/

Sababa

The pronunciation tips state that if words end in /s/, /t∫/, /dʒ/, /z/, /∫/, or /ʒ/ sounds, the suffix -s is pronounced as /-iz/ (as in buses, watches, or boxes).

Gaaffii 6

In Reading Text B, what are the three essential pillars of sustainable development that must receive equal emphasis?

  1. A.Trade, foreign aid, and industrial investment
  2. B.Economic, environment, and social aspects
  3. C.Constitutional laws, directives, and court regulations
  4. D.Primary education, healthcare, and road building
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Economic, environment, and social aspects

Sababa

Reading Text B states that sustainable development can only be realized when the three pillars of development, namely economic, environment, and social aspects, are given equal emphasis.

Gaaffii 7

According to the grammar explanation in Unit 1, what defines a sentence fragment?

  1. A.A sentence that connects two complete thoughts without any conjunction
  2. B.A group of words that lacks a subject, a verb, or a complete thought
  3. C.A sentence that expresses contrasting ideas using subordinators
  4. D.A long sentence containing multiple independent clauses
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A group of words that lacks a subject, a verb, or a complete thought

Sababa

The textbook states that a sentence fragment is a group of words that resembles a sentence but does not give complete meaning because it lacks a subject, a verb, or a complete thought.

Gaaffii 8

In the vocabulary exercises of Unit 1, what is the contextual definition given for the word mainstream?

  1. A.Putting an issue center/part in the plan
  2. B.Holding steadily to established principles
  3. C.Putting responsibilities under a dishonorable position
  4. D.Holding a process back from progressing
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Putting an issue center/part in the plan

Sababa

Activity 1.8 matches the word mainstream with the definition: putting an issue center/part in the plan.

Gaaffii 9

According to Reading Text B (Challenges of SDGs in Ethiopia), how long is the lifespan of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and when does this agenda terminate?

  1. A.A lifespan of 10 years, terminating in 2025
  2. B.A lifespan of 15 years, terminating in 2030
  3. C.A lifespan of 20 years, terminating in 2035
  4. D.A lifespan of 25 years, terminating in 2040
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A lifespan of 15 years, terminating in 2030

Sababa

Paragraph 1 of Reading Text B states: "This ambitious and transformative agenda has a lifespan of fifteen years, terminating in 2030."

Gaaffii 10

Read the sentence below:
"_____ having a headache, I had a great birthday."
Which word correctly fills the blank according to the grammar rules in Unit 1?

  1. A.Although
  2. B.Even though
  3. C.Despite
  4. D.In spite
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Despite

Sababa

The unit notes that despite is followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form like having). Although and even though require a subject and a verb, and in spite requires of.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 1

Boqonnaan 1 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 1 hanga fuula 23 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Afaan Ingiliffaa kutaa 12 hunda

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