Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 4 Fiizikii kutaa 12: Elektiroomaagneetizimii

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 4 kitaaba Fiizikii kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

5
Kaardii: 10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4: 118–142
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 maal haguuga

1.Magnets and Magnetic field
2.Magnetic field lines
3.Current and Magnetism
4.Electromagnetic Induction
5.Faraday's Law of electromagnetic Induction
6.Transformers
7.Application and safety

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 4

Kaardiiwwan fuula Fiizikii kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

Seera Indakshinii FaradayFoormulaa

\varepsilon = -N \frac{\Delta\Phi_B}{\Delta t}

\varepsilon = -N \frac{\Delta\Phi_B}{\Delta t}

$\varepsilon$: Humna elektiroomeetivii uumame $\text{V}$
$N$: Baay'ina marsaa kooyilii keessaa $1$
$\Delta\Phi_B$: Jijjiirama fulaaksii maagneetawaa $\text{Wb}$
$\Delta t$: Jijjiirama yeroo $\text{s}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Induced electromotive force sababa jijjiirama magnetic flux tiin coil keessatti uumamu shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Mallattoon negaatiivii seera Lenz kan bakka bu'u yoo ta'u, induced emf sun jijjiirama flux sana akka mormu agarsiisa.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 118-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Magnetic Field Shibo QajeelaaFoormulaa

B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}

B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}

$B$: Dirree maagneetii $\text{T}$
$\mu_0$: Pamiyeebilitii bakka qullaa $\text{T}\cdot\text{m}\cdot\text{A}^{-1}$
$I$: Yaatuu elektirikii $\text{A}$
$r$: Fageenya shiboo irraa $\text{m}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Haga magnetic field shiboo qajeelaa current baatu irraa fageenya kenname irratti shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Fageenyi r meetiraan ta'uu qaba malee seentimeetiraan yookiin miilimeetiraan miti.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 118-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Magnetic FluxFoormulaa

\Phi_B = B A \cos\theta

\Phi_B = B A \cos\theta

$\Phi_B$: Fulaaksii maagneetii $\text{Wb}$
$B$: Dirree maagneetii $\text{T}$
$A$: Bal'ina $\text{m}^2$
$\theta$: Kofa dirree maagneetii fi noormaalii bal'ina gidduu jiru $\text{degrees}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Haga magnetic flux guutuu dirra magnetic field keessa jiru keessa darbu shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Kofa theta kan safaramu gidduu magnetic field fi normal dachaati malee dirra sanaa wajjin miti.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 118-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Dogoggora Kofa Dirraa Magnetic Flux KeessattiDogoggora baratame

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Yeroo kofni kenname gidduu magnetic field fi dirra loopii ta'e itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yoo kofni kenname dirra wajjin ta'e, shallaggii flux keessatti theta argachuuf 90 irraa kofa kenname hir'isuu qabdu.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 118-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Reeshiyoo Marsaa TiraanisfoormariiFoormulaa

\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \frac{V_p}{V_s}

\frac{N_p}{N_s} = \frac{V_p}{V_s}

$N_p$: Marsaalee kooyilii duraa $1$
$N_s$: Marsaalee kooyilii lammaffaa $1$
$V_p$: Voolteejii duraa $\text{V}$
$V_s$: Voolteejii lammaffaa $\text{V}$

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Tiraansifoormarii alternating current keessatti voolteejii primary fi secondary lakkoofsa naanna'aa wajjin walqabsiisuuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Tiraanisfoormaroonni alternating current qofaan hojjatu, direct current ol guddsuu ykn gadi buusuu hin danda'an.

Grade 12 Physics, fuula 118-142 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 4

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

What happens if a permanent bar magnet is cut into two equal halves?

A.One piece becomes an isolated north pole and the other an isolated south pole.
B.Each piece becomes a new magnet with both a north pole and a south pole.
C.Both pieces lose their magnetism completely.
D.One piece keeps its poles while the other becomes unmagnetized.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Each piece becomes a new magnet with both a north pole and a south pole.

Sababa

Magnetic poles are always found in pairs. No matter how many times a permanent magnet is cut into two, each piece always has a north and a south pole.

Gaaffii 2

What is the SI unit of magnetic flux?

A.Tesla (T)
B.Gauss (G)
C.Weber (Wb)
D.Newton per coulomb (N/C)

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Weber (Wb)

Sababa

The SI unit of magnetic flux is the Weber (Wb), whereas the SI unit of magnetic field is Tesla (T).

Gaaffii 3

How does an electromagnet differ from a permanent magnet?

A.An electromagnet loses its magnetism when the electric current is turned off.
B.An electromagnet has only a single magnetic pole.
C.An electromagnet cannot attract magnetic materials like iron.
D.An electromagnet does not produce magnetic field lines.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A An electromagnet loses its magnetism when the electric current is turned off.

Sababa

An electromagnet generates a magnetic field only when an electric current is supplied to it, and it loses its magnetism when the current is switched off.

Gaaffii 4

Which of the following is a correct difference between electric field lines and magnetic field lines?

A.Electric field lines form closed loops, but magnetic field lines do not.
B.Magnetic field lines can cross each other, but electric field lines cannot.
C.Magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops without beginning or end.
D.Electric field lines never start or end on electric charges.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C Magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops without beginning or end.

Sababa

Unlike electric field lines (which start on positive charges and end on negative charges), magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops without a starting or ending point.

Gaaffii 5

A student in Hawassa observes that a long straight wire carrying a steady current produces a magnetic field of 0.8 T at a distance of 0.5 cm from the wire. What is the magnetic field strength at a distance of 1.0 cm from the same wire?

A.1.6 T
B.0.8 T
C.0.4 T
D.0.2 T

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 0.4 T

Sababa

The magnetic field B around a long straight wire is inversely proportional to the distance r (B = μ₀I / (2πr)). When distance doubles from 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm, the magnetic field is halved: 0.8 T / 2 = 0.4 T.

Gaaffii 6

Which statement correctly describes the Earth's magnetic poles relative to its geographic poles?

A.The Earth's North magnetic pole corresponds to the South Geographic Pole.
B.The Earth's North magnetic pole corresponds to the North Geographic Pole.
C.The Earth has only a single magnetic pole located at the equator.
D.The Earth's magnetic poles rotate continuously around the equator.

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A The Earth's North magnetic pole corresponds to the South Geographic Pole.

Sababa

The Earth behaves like a giant bar magnet inside, where the North magnetic pole corresponds to the South Geographic Pole and vice versa.

Gaaffii 7

A rectangular card with dimensions 3 cm by 2 cm is held perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T. What is the magnetic flux passing through the card?

A.6.0 × 10-5 Wb
B.6.0 × 10-1 Wb
C.6.0 × 10-3 Wb
D.6.0 × 10-7 Wb

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A 6.0 × 10-5 Wb

Sababa

Area A = 0.03 m × 0.02 m = 6.0 × 10^-4 m². Since the plane is perpendicular to the field, θ = 0° (cos 0° = 1). Therefore, Φ_B = B × A = 0.1 T × 6.0 × 10^-4 m² = 6.0 × 10^-5 Wb.

Gaaffii 8

Lenz's law, which determines the direction of an induced current, is a consequence of which fundamental principle?

A.Conservation of electric charge
B.Conservation of energy
C.Conservation of mass
D.Conservation of linear momentum

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Conservation of energy

Sababa

Lenz's law states that the induced current opposes the change that creates it, which directly follows from the principle of conservation of energy (and Newton's third law).

Gaaffii 9

A coil consisting of 500 turns develops an average induced electromotive force (emf) of 60 V. Over what time interval must a magnetic flux change of 0.06 Wb occur across the coil?

A.0.10 s
B.0.50 s
C.2.00 s
D.5.00 s

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 0.50 s

Sababa

Using Faraday's law: |ε| = N × (ΔΦ_B / Δt). Rearranging for Δt gives Δt = (N × ΔΦ_B) / |ε| = (500 × 0.06 Wb) / 60 V = 30 / 60 = 0.50 s.

Gaaffii 10

In an electrical workshop in Addis Ababa, a technician uses a transformer with 500 primary loops and 5000 secondary loops. If the primary alternating input voltage is 220 V, what is the output voltage from the secondary coil?

A.22 V
B.1100 V
C.2200 V
D.5000 V

Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 2200 V

Sababa

Using the transformer formula: V_s / V_p = N_s / N_p. Thus, V_s = V_p × (N_s / N_p) = 220 V × (5000 / 500) = 220 V × 10 = 2200 V.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 4

Boqonnaan 4 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 118 hanga fuula 142 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 186

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Fiizikii kutaa 12 hunda

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