የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ11ኛ ክፍል ግብርና ምዕራፍ 5፦ የእንስሳት መኖና አቀራረብ

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ11ኛ ክፍል የግብርና መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 5 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

4
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 68–90
የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 የሚሸፍነው

1.Feed resources in Ethiopia
2.Classification of feed resources
3.Nutrient requirement of farm animals
4.Feed formulation practices
5.Feed conservation and compound feed

የምዕራፍ 5 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ11ኛ ክፍል የግብርና ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የእንስሳት መኖ መመደቢያ መስፈርቶችየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥRoughages · Energy-rich concentrates · Protein-rich concentrates

የመኖ ክፍል	Crude Fiber	TDN	Crude Protein
Roughages	$> 18\%$	$< 60\%$	Variable
Energy-rich concentrates	$< 18\%$	$> 60\%$	$< 18\%$
Protein-rich concentrates	$< 18\%$	$> 60\%$	$> 18\%$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

መኖዎችን በ Crude Fiber, TDN እና Crude Protein ይዘታቸው መሠረት በ Roughages ወይም Concentrates ለመመደብ ይጠቅማል።

ይጠንቀቁ

Roughages ከ 18 በመቶ በላይ Crude Fiber እና ከ 60 በመቶ በታች TDN አላቸው። Concentrates ደግሞ ከ 18 በመቶ በታች Crude Fiber እና ከ 60 በመቶ በላይ TDN ይይዛሉ።

ከGrade 11 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 69-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የመኖ ማቆያ ዘዴዎች ንፅፅርየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥየማቆየት ሂደት · የማቆያ ወኪል · የመጨረሻ የእርጥበት መጠን · +1

ባህሪ	Hay	Silage
የማቆየት ሂደት	ማድረቅ (curing)	Anaerobic fermentation
የማቆያ ወኪል	ፀሐይ እና ንፋስ	Lactic acid ( $pH \le 4$ )
የመጨረሻ የእርጥበት መጠን	$15\% - 20\%$	$60\% - 70\%$
የማከማቻ መዋቅር	Bales ወይም tripod stand	አየር የማያስገባ silo pit ወይም bag

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ Hay እና Silage አዘገጃጀት፣ የማቆያ ሁኔታዎች እና የመጨረሻ የእርጥበት መጠን መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት ለማነፃፀር ይጠቅማል።

ይጠንቀቁ

Hay አየር ባለበት ሁኔታ እርጥበትን ወደ 15 እስከ 20 በመቶ በመቀነስ ሲዘጋጅ፣ Silage ግን አየር በሌለበት ሁኔታ Lactic acid በማመንጨት pH ወደ 4 ወይም ከዚያ በታች ያወርዳል።

ከGrade 11 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 69-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የፒርሰን ስኩዌር የመኖ ቀመር ስሌትቀመር

W_A = \frac{|CP_B - CP_{\text{target}}|}{|CP_A - CP_{\text{target}}| + |CP_B - CP_{\text{target}}|} \times W_{\text{total}}

W_A = \frac{|CP_B - CP_{\text{target}}|}{|CP_A - CP_{\text{target}}| + |CP_B - CP_{\text{target}}|} \times W_{\text{total}}

$W_A$: በመኖው ውስጥ የሚያስፈልገው የመኖ A መጠን $\text{kg}$
$CP_A$: የመኖ A የ Crude Protein በመቶኛ $\%$
$CP_B$: የመኖ B የ Crude Protein በመቶኛ $\%$
$CP_{\text{target}}$: በተዘጋጀው መኖ ውስጥ የሚፈለገው የ Crude Protein በመቶኛ $\%$
$W_{\text{total}}$: ሊዘጋጅ የታሰበው አጠቃላይ የተመጣጠነ መኖ መጠን $\text{kg}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለት የመኖ ዓይነቶችን በማደባለቅ የሚፈለገውን የ Crude Protein መጠን የያዘ የተመጣጠነ መኖ ለማዘጋጀት እና መጠናቸውን ለማስላት ይጠቅማል።

ይጠንቀቁ

የአንዱ መኖ ንጥረ ነገር ከታለመው መጠን በላይ የሌላኛው ደግሞ ከታለመው በታች መሆን አለበት። ሰያፍ ቅነሳ ሲደረግ አሉታዊ ምልክት አይወሰድም።

ከGrade 11 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 69-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የሲሌጅ አያያዝ እና አጠቃቀም ስህተቶችየተለመደ ስህተት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሲሌጅ እንዳይመገቡ የተከለከሉ የእንስሳት ክፍሎችን እና የተሳሳተ የጉድጓድ አከፋፈት ልምዶችን ለመለየት ይጠቅማል።

ይጠንቀቁ

ሲሌጅ ከ 6 ወር በታች ላሉ ጥጆች፣ በዕርግዝና መጨረሻ ላይ ላሉ ላሞች እና ሞኖጋስትሪክ ለሆኑ እንስሳት መሰጠት የለበትም። ሙሉውን ጉድጓድ በአንድ ጊዜ መክፈት አየር አስገብቶ መኖውን ያበላሻል።

ከGrade 11 Agriculture፣ ገጽ 69-93 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 5 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

In livestock production enterprises, what percentage of the total operating cost is typically spent on animal feed?

A.10% to 25%
B.30% to 45%
C.50% to 80%
D.85% to 95%

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 50% to 80%

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that feed is the largest operating cost in livestock production, varying from 50% to 80% depending on the operating area.

ጥያቄ 2

Which of the following elements is classified as a macro-mineral in animal nutrition?

A.Calcium (Ca)
B.Copper (Cu)
C.Iodine (I)
D.Zinc (Zn)

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Calcium (Ca)

ምክንያቱ

Macro-minerals are required in larger amounts by the animal body and include calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na). Copper, iodine, and zinc are micro or trace minerals.

ጥያቄ 3

What is the Pearson Square method used for in livestock feeding?

A.Determining the soil fertility of grazing lands
B.Calculating the portion of two feeds needed to balance a ration
C.Measuring moisture loss in hay bales
D.Counting the bacterial population during silage fermentation

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Calculating the portion of two feeds needed to balance a ration

ምክንያቱ

The Pearson Square method is a well-known method used to calculate the proportions of two feeds needed to meet either the protein or energy requirements of an animal.

ጥያቄ 4

What is the primary purpose of the curing process in hay making?

A.To increase the crude fiber content above 50%
B.To reduce the moisture content of green crops from 70-90% to 15-20%
C.To raise the pH level of the forage to 8 or higher
D.To promote anaerobic bacterial growth under sealed plastic

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B To reduce the moisture content of green crops from 70-90% to 15-20%

ምክንያቱ

Curing is the drying process in hay making that reduces the moisture content of green crops from 70-90% down to 15-20% using energy from the sun and wind.

ጥያቄ 5

According to the classification of animal feeds, a feedstuff is defined as a roughage when it contains:

A.Less than 18% crude fiber and more than 60% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)
B.More than 18% crude fiber and less than 60% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)
C.More than 18% crude protein and less than 10% moisture
D.Less than 18% crude protein and more than 80% dry matter

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B More than 18% crude fiber and less than 60% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)

ምክንያቱ

Roughages are bulky feeds containing more than 18% crude fiber and less than 60% Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN). Concentrates contain less than 18% crude fiber and more than 60% TDN.

ጥያቄ 6

Which agro-industrial by-product contains about 54% TDN and 3% protein, and is used as an appetizer and dust settler?

A.Wheat bran
B.Soybean meal
C.Molasses
D.Brewer's spent grain

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Molasses

ምክንያቱ

Molasses is a sugar industry by-product that provides high energy (54% TDN) and low protein (3%). It serves as an appetizer and stops dry feed from becoming dusty.

ጥያቄ 7

During the packing and sealing stage of silage making, which chemical change lowers the pH to 4 or below?

A.Aerobic respiration converting fats into amino acids
B.Carbohydrates breaking down into organic acids such as lactic acid
C.Proteins transforming directly into urea and mineral salts
D.Vitamins absorbing excess water from the compacted forage

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Carbohydrates breaking down into organic acids such as lactic acid

ምክንያቱ

Under anaerobic conditions in a sealed silo, carbohydrates (sugars) break down into organic acids (especially lactic acid), which reduces the pH to 4 or lower and preserves the feed.

ጥያቄ 8

A farmer near Debre Zeit observes cattle chewing on wood and metal objects, showing stiff joints and producing less milk. Which nutrient deficiency causes these specific signs?

A.Carbohydrates
B.Fats
C.Minerals
D.Water

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Minerals

ምክንያቱ

Chewing and suckling of wood and metal, stiff joints, weakened bones and teeth, and drop in milk production are textbook signs of mineral deficiencies in livestock.

ጥያቄ 9

A farmer wants to prepare 200 kg of feed containing 16% crude protein (CP) using maize grain (9.5% CP) and soybean meal (42% CP). Using the Pearson Square method, how many kilograms of maize and soybean meal are needed?

A.160 kg maize and 40 kg soybean meal
B.100 kg maize and 100 kg soybean meal
C.140 kg maize and 60 kg soybean meal
D.180 kg maize and 20 kg soybean meal

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 160 kg maize and 40 kg soybean meal

ምክንያቱ

Using the Pearson Square: parts of maize = |42 - 16| = 26; parts of soybean meal = |9.5 - 16| = 6.5; total parts = 32.5. For 100 kg, maize is (26 / 32.5) * 100 = 80 kg and soybean meal is (6.5 / 32.5) * 100 = 20 kg. Therefore, for 200 kg, the farmer needs 160 kg of maize and 40 kg of soybean meal.

ጥያቄ 10

According to the management checklist for feeding silage, which animals must NOT be fed silage?

A.Mature oxen used for plowing
B.Cows in late pregnancy and calves under 6 months old
C.Dairy cows during the first stage of lactation
D.Fattening steers fed in a commercial feedlot

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Cows in late pregnancy and calves under 6 months old

ምክንያቱ

The textbook silage feeding checklist specifies: do not feed cows that are in late pregnancy, calves that are less than 6 months old, or animals that are sick, hungry, and weak.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 5 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 5 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 68 እስከ ገጽ 90 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 270 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ11ኛ ክፍል ግብርና አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

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