የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ11ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 6፦ የኢኮኖሚ ልማት

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ11ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 6 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

3
ካርዶች: 10
የምዕራፍ 6 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች: 146–167
የምዕራፍ 6 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 6 የሚሸፍነው

1.Economic Growth and Economic Development
2.Measures of Productivity
3.Human Development Index (HDI)
4.Ethiopia's HDI Value and Rank
5.Evaluation of HDI and its Relevance to Developing Countries
6.Capability Approach
7.Sustainable Development
8.Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)
9.The Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030)

የምዕራፍ 6 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ11ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የኢኮኖሚ ዕድገት እና የኢኮኖሚ ልማት ንፅፅርየማጣቀሻ ሠንጠረዥባህሪ · ዋና አመላካች · ወሰን

ባህሪ	የኢኮኖሚ ዕድገት	የኢኮኖሚ ልማት
ባህሪ	የ output የ quantitative ጭማሪ	ባለብዙ አቅጣጫዊ qualitative እና quantitative ለውጥ
ዋና አመላካች	Real GDP ወይም GDP per capita	Human Development Index (HDI)
ወሰን	በ aggregate production ላይ ጠባብ ትኩረት	በ poverty፣ institutions፣ ጤና እና ትምህርት ላይ ሰፊ ትኩረት

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በምርት መጠን መጨመር እና በአጠቃላይ ማህበራዊና ኢኮኖሚያዊ መሻሻል መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

የኢኮኖሚ ዕድገት ለኢኮኖሚ ልማት አስፈላጊ ቅድመ ሁኔታ ቢሆንም ዕድገት መኖሩ በራሱ ልማትን አያረጋግጥም።

ከGrade 11 Economics፣ ገጽ 146-167 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የGDP ዕድገት ምጣኔቀመር

\text{GDP growth} = \frac{G_t - G_{t-1}}{G_{t-1}} \times 100

\text{GDP growth} = \frac{G_t - G_{t-1}}{G_{t-1}} \times 100

$\text{GDP growth}$: የጠቅላላ የሀገር ውስጥ ምርት የመቶኛ ዕድገት ምጣኔ $\%$
$G_t$: በወቅቱ ዓመት ያለው ትክክለኛ GDP $\text{USD}$
$G_{t-1}$: ባለፈው ዓመት የነበረው ትክክለኛ GDP $\text{USD}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በሁለት ተከታታይ ወቅቶች መካከል ያለውን የትክክለኛ GDP መቶኛ ለውጥ ለማስላት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

በማካፈያው ላይ ሁልጊዜ የባለፈውን ወቅት GDP ያስቀምጡ እንጂ የወቅቱን GDP አይጠቀሙ።

ከGrade 11 Economics፣ ገጽ 146-167 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምርታማነት መለኪያቀመር

P = \frac{O}{I}

P = \frac{O}{I}

$P$: የምርታማነት ውድር $\text{output per input unit}$
$O$: አጠቃላይ የተመረተው ምርት መጠን $\text{units produced or USD}$
$I$: ጥቅም ላይ የዋለ የግብዓት መጠን $\text{hours worked or units}$

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የምርት ግብዓቶች ምን ያህል በብቃት ወደ ምርት እንደተለወጡ ለመለካት ይህንን ቀመር ይጠቀሙ።

ይጠንቀቁ

ምርታማነትን ማሳደግ የሚቻለው ግብዓትን ሳይለውጡ ምርትን በመጨመር ወይም ምርትን ሳይቀንሱ ግብዓትን በመቀነስ ነው።

ከGrade 11 Economics፣ ገጽ 146-167 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 6 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

Which concept describes a multidimensional process that involves changes in social structures, reduction of inequality, and eradication of poverty alongside economic growth?

A.Economic development
B.Gross domestic product
C.Nominal output growth
D.Trade surplus

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Economic development

ምክንያቱ

Economic development is a multidimensional process that includes institutional and social changes, poverty reduction, and improvements in living standards, whereas economic growth refers only to a quantitative increase in output.

ጥያቄ 2

In economics, how is productivity defined?

A.The ratio of input volume to output volume
B.The ratio of total output to total input
C.The total market value of intermediate goods
D.The total population divided by total GDP

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The ratio of total output to total input

ምክንያቱ

Productivity is measured as the ratio of output to input (Productivity = Output / Input), showing how efficiently inputs are converted into goods and services.

ጥያቄ 3

The Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the UNDP is composed of which three basic dimensions?

A.Export rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate
B.Life expectancy, educational attainment, and standard of living
C.Tax revenue, government spending, and money supply
D.Fertility rate, infant mortality, and urban growth

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Life expectancy, educational attainment, and standard of living

ምክንያቱ

The HDI combines three key indicators: Life Expectancy Indicators (health), Educational Attainment Indicators (education), and Standard of Living Indicators (real GDP per capita).

ጥያቄ 4

How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by United Nations member states in the 2030 Agenda?

A.8
B.10
C.17
D.21

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C 17

ምክንያቱ

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), succeeding the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

ጥያቄ 5

Suppose Ethiopia's real GDP was 200 billion birr in 2021 and grew to 214 billion birr in 2022. What was the real GDP growth rate?

A.6.54%
B.7.00%
C.14.00%
D.0.07%

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B 7.00%

ምክንያቱ

GDP growth rate is calculated as: ((GDP in current period - GDP in previous period) / GDP in previous period) * 100. Here: ((214 - 200) / 200) * 100 = (14 / 200) * 100 = 7.00%.

ጥያቄ 6

According to the textbook, what was Ethiopia's HDI value and global rank in 2019?

A.Value of 0.292 and rank 189 out of 189
B.Value of 0.485 and rank 173 out of 189
C.Value of 0.661 and rank 120 out of 189
D.Value of 0.750 and rank 100 out of 189

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Value of 0.485 and rank 173 out of 189

ምክንያቱ

In 2019, Ethiopia had an HDI value of 0.485, which positioned the country at 173 out of 189 countries in the low human development category.

ጥያቄ 7

In Amartya Sen's capability approach, what is the key difference between a functioning and a capability?

A.A functioning is an economic output, while a capability is an industrial input.
B.A functioning is what a person actually does or achieves, while a capability is the real opportunity or freedom to achieve it.
C.A functioning applies only to developing countries, while a capability applies only to developed countries.
D.A functioning is measured by GDP per capita, while a capability is measured by adult literacy alone.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B A functioning is what a person actually does or achieves, while a capability is the real opportunity or freedom to achieve it.

ምክንያቱ

Under Sen's capability approach, functionings refer to what a person actually is or does (such as being nourished), while capabilities represent the real freedoms and possibilities an individual has to choose among various functionings.

ጥያቄ 8

What are the three core pillars of sustainable development identified in the textbook?

A.Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and trade balance
B.Economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion
C.Urbanization, industrialization, and foreign direct investment
D.Primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion

ምክንያቱ

The three pillars of sustainable development are economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion.

ጥያቄ 9

According to reports cited in the textbook, how did Ethiopia perform regarding the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

A.It achieved all 8 goals fully.
B.It achieved 6 of the 8 goals, making significant progress on MDG 3 and MDG 5.
C.It achieved only 2 goals and failed to make progress on the rest.
D.It replaced MDGs entirely with Agenda 2063 before 2015.

መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B It achieved 6 of the 8 goals, making significant progress on MDG 3 and MDG 5.

ምክንያቱ

Ethiopia successfully achieved six of the eight MDGs and made significant progress with respect to the remaining two (MDG 3 and MDG 5).

ጥያቄ 10

Using the HDI achievement level formula: Achievement level = (Actual value - Minimum value) / (Maximum value - Minimum value), what is the Life Expectancy Index for a country if its actual life expectancy is 56 years, the minimum value is set at 20 years, and the maximum value is set at 80 years?