Bu'aan kutaa 12ffaa ba'eera; bu'aa kee eessatti akka ilaaltu

Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa

Boqonnaa 6 Diinagdee kutaa 11: Guddina Diinagdee

Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 6 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.

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Kaardii
10
Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6
146–167
Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 maal haguuga

  1. 1.Economic Growth and Economic Development
  2. 2.Measures of Productivity
  3. 3.Human Development Index (HDI)
  4. 4.Ethiopia's HDI Value and Rank
  5. 5.Evaluation of HDI and its Relevance to Developing Countries
  6. 6.Capability Approach
  7. 7.Sustainable Development
  8. 8.Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)
  9. 9.The Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030)

Yaadannoo gabaabaa boqonnaa 6

Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.

AmalaGuddina DiinagdeeMisooma Diinagdee
UumamaDaballii quantitative kan outputJijjiirama qualitative fi quantitative kan multidimensional
Agarsiiftuu IjooReal GDP yookaan GDP per capitaHuman Development Index (HDI)
Bal'inaXiyyeeffannoo dhiphaa aggregate production irrattiXiyyeeffannoo bal'aa poverty, institutions, fayyaa fi barnoota irratti

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Garaagarummaa daballii oomishaa fi jijjiirama hawaas-diinagdee bal'aa adda baasuuf gabatee kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Guddinni diinagdee misooma diinagdeetiif barbaachisaa dha, garuu guddinni qofaan ofumaan misooma hin mirkaneessu.

Grade 11 Economics, fuula 146-167 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

GDP growth=Gt−Gt−1Gt−1×100\text{GDP growth} = \frac{G_t - G_{t-1}}{G_{t-1}} \times 100
GDP growth\text{GDP growth}
Dhibbeentaa ratii guddina oomisha biyya keessaa waliigalaa%\%
GtG_t
GDP qabatamaa yeroo ammaaUSD\text{USD}
Gt−1G_{t-1}
GDP qabatamaa yeroo darbeeUSD\text{USD}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Jijjiirama dhibbeentaa GDP qabatamaa yeroo lamaan walitti aanan gidduu jiru shallaguuf itti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Yeroo hunda herrega hiruu keessatti GDP yeroo darbee fayyadamaa malee GDP yeroo ammaa hin fayyadaminaa.

Grade 11 Economics, fuula 146-167 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

P=OIP = \frac{O}{I}
PP
Reeshiyoo oomishtummaaoutput per input unit\text{output per input unit}
OO
Hamma oomisha waliigalaaunits produced or USD\text{units produced or USD}
II
Hamma galtee fayyadamehours worked or units\text{hours worked or units}

Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu

Galtewwan oomishaa hammam haala gaariin gara oomishaatti akka jijjiiraman safaruuf foormulaa kanatti fayyadamaa.

Of eeggadhu

Oomishtummaa guddisuun galtee osoo hin jijjiirin oomisha dabaluun yookiin oomisha osoo hin hir'isin galtee hir'isuun ta'uu danda'a.

Grade 11 Economics, fuula 146-167 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e

Gaaffii shaakalaa boqonnaa 6

Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.

Gaaffii 1

Which concept describes a multidimensional process that involves changes in social structures, reduction of inequality, and eradication of poverty alongside economic growth?

  1. A.Economic development
  2. B.Gross domestic product
  3. C.Nominal output growth
  4. D.Trade surplus
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: A Economic development

Sababa

Economic development is a multidimensional process that includes institutional and social changes, poverty reduction, and improvements in living standards, whereas economic growth refers only to a quantitative increase in output.

Gaaffii 2

In economics, how is productivity defined?

  1. A.The ratio of input volume to output volume
  2. B.The ratio of total output to total input
  3. C.The total market value of intermediate goods
  4. D.The total population divided by total GDP
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B The ratio of total output to total input

Sababa

Productivity is measured as the ratio of output to input (Productivity = Output / Input), showing how efficiently inputs are converted into goods and services.

Gaaffii 3

The Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the UNDP is composed of which three basic dimensions?

  1. A.Export rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate
  2. B.Life expectancy, educational attainment, and standard of living
  3. C.Tax revenue, government spending, and money supply
  4. D.Fertility rate, infant mortality, and urban growth
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Life expectancy, educational attainment, and standard of living

Sababa

The HDI combines three key indicators: Life Expectancy Indicators (health), Educational Attainment Indicators (education), and Standard of Living Indicators (real GDP per capita).

Gaaffii 4

How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by United Nations member states in the 2030 Agenda?

  1. A.8
  2. B.10
  3. C.17
  4. D.21
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 17

Sababa

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), succeeding the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Gaaffii 5

Suppose Ethiopia's real GDP was 200 billion birr in 2021 and grew to 214 billion birr in 2022. What was the real GDP growth rate?

  1. A.6.54%
  2. B.7.00%
  3. C.14.00%
  4. D.0.07%
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B 7.00%

Sababa

GDP growth rate is calculated as: ((GDP in current period - GDP in previous period) / GDP in previous period) * 100. Here: ((214 - 200) / 200) * 100 = (14 / 200) * 100 = 7.00%.

Gaaffii 6

According to the textbook, what was Ethiopia's HDI value and global rank in 2019?

  1. A.Value of 0.292 and rank 189 out of 189
  2. B.Value of 0.485 and rank 173 out of 189
  3. C.Value of 0.661 and rank 120 out of 189
  4. D.Value of 0.750 and rank 100 out of 189
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Value of 0.485 and rank 173 out of 189

Sababa

In 2019, Ethiopia had an HDI value of 0.485, which positioned the country at 173 out of 189 countries in the low human development category.

Gaaffii 7

In Amartya Sen's capability approach, what is the key difference between a functioning and a capability?

  1. A.A functioning is an economic output, while a capability is an industrial input.
  2. B.A functioning is what a person actually does or achieves, while a capability is the real opportunity or freedom to achieve it.
  3. C.A functioning applies only to developing countries, while a capability applies only to developed countries.
  4. D.A functioning is measured by GDP per capita, while a capability is measured by adult literacy alone.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B A functioning is what a person actually does or achieves, while a capability is the real opportunity or freedom to achieve it.

Sababa

Under Sen's capability approach, functionings refer to what a person actually is or does (such as being nourished), while capabilities represent the real freedoms and possibilities an individual has to choose among various functionings.

Gaaffii 8

What are the three core pillars of sustainable development identified in the textbook?

  1. A.Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and trade balance
  2. B.Economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion
  3. C.Urbanization, industrialization, and foreign direct investment
  4. D.Primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B Economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion

Sababa

The three pillars of sustainable development are economic growth, environmental stewardship, and social inclusion.

Gaaffii 9

According to reports cited in the textbook, how did Ethiopia perform regarding the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

  1. A.It achieved all 8 goals fully.
  2. B.It achieved 6 of the 8 goals, making significant progress on MDG 3 and MDG 5.
  3. C.It achieved only 2 goals and failed to make progress on the rest.
  4. D.It replaced MDGs entirely with Agenda 2063 before 2015.
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: B It achieved 6 of the 8 goals, making significant progress on MDG 3 and MDG 5.

Sababa

Ethiopia successfully achieved six of the eight MDGs and made significant progress with respect to the remaining two (MDG 3 and MDG 5).

Gaaffii 10

Using the HDI achievement level formula: Achievement level = (Actual value - Minimum value) / (Maximum value - Minimum value), what is the Life Expectancy Index for a country if its actual life expectancy is 56 years, the minimum value is set at 20 years, and the maximum value is set at 80 years?

  1. A.0.45
  2. B.0.56
  3. C.0.60
  4. D.0.75
Deebii fi sababa agarsiisi

Deebii: C 0.60

Sababa

Applying the formula: LEI = (56 - 20) / (80 - 20) = 36 / 60 = 0.60.

Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.

Viidiyoo barnootaa boqonnaa 6

Barnoota boqonnaa kanaa YouTube irraa. Yommuu play tuqxu qofa fe'ama.

Understanding economic growth · YouTube irratti ilaali

Fuula kitaabaa boqonnaa 6

Boqonnaan 6 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 146 hanga fuula 167 ti.

Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 202

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Yaadannoo gabaabaa Diinagdee kutaa 11 hunda

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