የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ12ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 3 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
ከዚህ ይጀምሩ
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ Temari ያዘጋጀው አጭር የቪዲዮ ትምህርት። ፕሌይ ሲጫኑ ብቻ ይጫናል። ትምህርቱ በእንግሊዝኛ ነው።
Counting the ATP from one glucose · 4 ደቂቃ · የተሠሩ 2 ያለፉ የፈተና ጥያቄዎች
ትምህርቱን ከዚያ ጀምሮ ለማጫወት አንድ ክፍል ይንኩ።
በ12ኛ ክፍል የባዮሎጂ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
| ባህሪ | አናቦሊክ | ካታቦሊክ |
|---|---|---|
| ኃይል | ይወሰዳል | ይለቀቃል |
| ሂደት | የሚገነባ | የሚያፈርስ |
| የሞለኪውል መጠን | ከትንሽ ወደ ትልቅ | ከትልቅ ወደ ትንሽ |
| ምሳሌ | ፎቶሲንተሲስ | የሴል አተነፋፈስ |
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ጥያቄው በሴል ውስጥ ያሉትን አናቦሊክ እና ካታቦሊክ ግብረ-መልሶች ሲያነፃፅር ይጠቀሙበት።
ይጠንቀቁ
አናቦሊዝም ATP ይፈልጋል (endergonic፣ ኃይል ይወሰዳል)፤ ካታቦሊዝም ATP ይሰጣል (exergonic፣ ኃይል ይለቀቃል)። ፎቶሲንተሲስ የአናቦሊክ ምሳሌ ሲሆን የሴል አተነፋፈስ ደግሞ የካታቦሊክ ምሳሌ ነው።
ከGrade 12 Biology፣ ገጽ 114-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የፎቶሲንተሲስን አጠቃላይ እኩልታ ለመጻፍ ይጠቀሙበት፤ በቀስቱ ላይ የብርሃን ኃይልና ክሎሮፊል ይጻፋሉ።
ይጠንቀቁ
አጭሩ ቅርጽ (6 CO2 እና 6 H2O አንድ ግሉኮስና 6 O2 ሲሰጡ) ከሁለቱም ወገን 6 የውሃ ሞለኪውሎች የተቀነሱበት ያው እኩልታ ነው። የሚለቀቀው ኦክስጅን ከሚከፈለው ውሃ እንጂ ከካርቦን ዳይኦክሳይድ አይደለም።
ከGrade 12 Biology፣ ገጽ 114-160 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
Where does the energy come from to drive photosynthesis?
መልስ፦ C Sun
ምክንያቱ
Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun. The chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, and ATP and glucose are products or energy carriers, not the original source of energy.
ጥያቄ 2
Which gas is released as a by-product of photosynthesis?
መልስ፦ B Oxygen
ምክንያቱ
In the photosynthesis equation, the plant uses water and releases oxygen gas (O2) as a by-product. Carbon dioxide is taken in, not released.
ጥያቄ 3
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
መልስ፦ B Cytosol
ምክንያቱ
The textbook says glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell and does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport happen in the mitochondria.
ጥያቄ 4
Which pigment is a green pigment found in all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria?
መልስ፦ A Chlorophyll a
ምክንያቱ
The chapter describes chlorophyll a as the most important chlorophyll. It is the green pigment found in all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Carotene and fucoxanthin are accessory pigments.
ጥያቄ 5
How many molecules of pyruvate are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
መልስ፦ B 2
ምክንያቱ
Glycolysis breaks one glucose molecule into two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate. The net reaction shows 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
ጥያቄ 6
Abebe is studying maize, which is a C4 plant. In C4 plants, what is the first product of carbon dioxide fixation?
መልስ፦ B Oxaloacetic acid (a four-carbon compound)
ምክንያቱ
The chapter says that in plants like maize, sorghum and sugarcane, the first product of carbon dioxide fixation is not the three-carbon molecule phosphoglycerate. It is the four-carbon compound oxaloacetic acid.
ጥያቄ 7
Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. When yeast carries out alcohol fermentation, which two products are formed?
መልስ፦ A Ethanol and carbon dioxide
ምክንያቱ
In alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is decarboxylated (releasing CO2) to form acetaldehyde, which is then converted to ethanol. Lactic acid is the product of lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells and some bacteria, not yeast.
ጥያቄ 8
Which enzyme combines with O2 instead of CO2 during photorespiration?
መልስ፦ B RuBisco
ምክንያቱ
The textbook says that in photorespiration, RuBisco, instead of combining with CO2, combines with O2. This is why photorespiration is a wasteful process in plants.
ጥያቄ 9
A cactus growing in a desert opens its stomata mainly at night and keeps them closed during the hot day. What is the main benefit of this?
መልስ፦ B It reduces water loss during the hot days.
ምክንያቱ
CAM plants open their stomata at cool night and close them during the hot, dry day. Closing the stomata during the day minimizes water loss. The CO2 is taken in at night and stored as malic acid.
ጥያቄ 10
What couples the electron transport chain to the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria?
መልስ፦ B A proton (H<sup>+</sup>) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
ምክንያቱ
As electrons move down the electron transport chain, protons are pumped out of the matrix. This creates a proton gradient, and the flow of protons back through ATP synthase drives the making of ATP. This is called chemiosmosis.
መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 11 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።
ምዕራፍ 3 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 114 እስከ ገጽ 160 ይደርሳል።
የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 358 ገጾች
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