የ12ኛ ክፍል ውጤት ወጥቷል፤ ውጤትዎን የሚያዩበት መንገድ

የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

የ9ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ ምዕራፍ 2፦ መሠረታዊ የኢኮኖሚ ችግሮችና የኢኮኖሚ ሥርዓቶች

በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 2 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።

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የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
13–28
የምዕራፍ 2 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 2 የሚሸፍነው

  1. 1.The Basic Economic Problems: Scarcity, Choice, and Opportunity Cost
  2. 2.Central Problems of Economies
  3. 3.Economic Systems

የምዕራፍ 2 አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

በ9ኛ ክፍል የኢኮኖሚክስ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።

የኢኮኖሚ ሥርዓትየሀብት ባለቤትነትየሀብት ድልድል ዘዴ
Traditional economyቤተሰብ ወይም ጎሳልማዶች፣ ባህሎች እና barter
Capitalist economyየግል ባለቤትነት (Private ownership)Price mechanism፣ ውድድር እና የትርፍ ተነሳሽነት
Command economyመንግስት ወይም የጋራማዕከላዊ economic planning
Mixed economyየግል እና የጋራ (public) ዘርፎችMarket forces ከመንግስት planning ጋር የተጣመረ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

የተለያዩ የኢኮኖሚ ሥርዓቶች የሀብት ባለቤትነትን እና ድልድልን እንዴት እንደሚወስኑ ለማነፃፀር ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

በ Command economy የግል ንብረት ባለቤትነት የለም፤ በ Mixed economy ውስጥ ግን የግል ንብረት ከመንግሥት ቁጥጥር ጋር አብሮ ይኖራል።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 13-28 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

Opportunity Cost=∣ΔSacrificed OutputΔGained Output∣\text{Opportunity Cost} = \left| \frac{\Delta \text{Sacrificed Output}}{\Delta \text{Gained Output}} \right|
ΔSacrificed Output\Delta \text{Sacrificed Output}
የተተወው ወይም የተሰዋው ምርት መጠንunitsunits
ΔGained Output\Delta \text{Gained Output}
የተገኘው ተጨማሪ ምርት መጠንunitsunits

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ PPF ላይ የአንድን ተጨማሪ ዕቃ ለማምረት የተተወውን የሌላ ዕቃ መጠን ለማስላት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Opportunity cost የሚለካው በተተዉት ዕቃዎች አካላዊ መጠን እንጂ በገንዘብ አይደለም። ሁልጊዜ የለውጡን absolute value ይውሰዱ።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 13-28 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ቦታሁኔታኢኮኖሚያዊ ትርጉም
በ curve ላይሊደረስበት የሚችል (Attainable) እና efficientFull employment እና optimal የሆነ የሀብት አጠቃቀም
በ curve ውስጥሊደረስበት የሚችል (Attainable) ነገር ግን inefficientUnderutilised የሆኑ ሀብቶች ወይም unemployment
ከ curve ውጪሊደረስበት የማይችል (Unattainable)ከአሁኑ resources እና የ technology አቅም በላይ

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በ PPF ግራፍ ላይ የምርት ጥንቅሮችን ብቃት እና የመፈጸም ዕድል ለመተርጎም ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

ከከርቩ ውስጠኛ ክፍል ያሉ ነጥቦች መመረት የሚችሉ ናቸው፤ ነገር ግን ሀብት በአግባቡ እንዳልዋለ ወይም ስራ አጥነት እንዳለ ያሳያሉ።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 13-28 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

ሁለንተናዊውን የኢኮኖሚክስ ችግር እና ጊዜያዊ የገበያ እጥረትን ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

Scarcity ቋሚ፣ ዓለም አቀፋዊ እና በዜሮ ዋጋም ቢሆን የሚኖር ነው። Shortage ግን አሁን ባለው የገበያ ዋጋ ላይ የሚከሰት ጊዜያዊ እጥረት ነው።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 13-28 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

ችግርዋናው ጥያቄየውሳኔው ትኩረት
የሀብት ድልድል (Allocation of resources)ምን መመረት አለበት? (What to produce?)የዕቃዎች ዓይነቶች እና መጠኖች (capital vs consumption)
የቴክኒክ ምርጫ (Choice of technique)እንዴት መመረት አለበት? (How to produce?)Labour-intensive vs capital-intensive የማምረቻ ዘዴዎች
የምርት ክፍፍል (Distribution of output)ለማን መመረት አለበት? (For whom to produce?)በማህበረሰቡ አባላት መካከል የሚደረግ የዕቃዎች ክፍፍል

መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት

በሀብት እጥረት ምክንያት ማንኛውም ኢኮኖሚ ሊመልሳቸው የሚገቡትን ሦስት መሠረታዊ ጥያቄዎች ለመለየት ይጠቀሙበት።

ይጠንቀቁ

How to produce የሚለው ጥያቄ ስለ ቴክኖሎጂ እና ቴክኒክ ምርጫ (labour እና capital) እንጂ ስለ ምርት ክፍፍል አይደለም።

ከGrade 9 Economics፣ ገጽ 13-28 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል

የምዕራፍ 2 የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች

በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።

ጥያቄ 1

What is the fundamental economic problem that every society faces?

  1. A.A temporary shortage of money
  2. B.The scarcity of resources relative to unlimited human wants
  3. C.The rapid growth of the banking system
  4. D.Too much supply of consumer goods
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The scarcity of resources relative to unlimited human wants

ምክንያቱ

According to the textbook, the fundamental economic problem that any human society faces is the problem of scarcity, which is the imbalance between limited resources and unlimited human wants.

ጥያቄ 2

What is the definition of opportunity cost?

  1. A.The total money paid for a product in the market
  2. B.The value of the next best alternative that must be sacrificed
  3. C.The government tax placed on imported goods
  4. D.The profit earned by a business firm
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B The value of the next best alternative that must be sacrificed

ምክንያቱ

Opportunity cost is defined as the amount or value of the next best alternative that must be sacrificed (forgone) in order to obtain one more unit of a product.

ጥያቄ 3

The basic economic question 'What goods and services are to be produced?' is also called the problem of:

  1. A.Allocation of resources
  2. B.Choice of technique
  3. C.Distribution of national product
  4. D.Central economic planning
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A Allocation of resources

ምክንያቱ

The question 'What goods and services are to be produced?' is also called the problem of the allocation of resources because an economy must decide the types and quantities of goods to make.

ጥያቄ 4

Which economic system relies mainly on customs, history, and barter instead of money?

  1. A.Capitalist economy
  2. B.Command economy
  3. C.Traditional economy
  4. D.Mixed economy
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Traditional economy

ምክንያቱ

A traditional economy relies on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs, and uses barter instead of money to exchange goods.

ጥያቄ 5

How does the textbook distinguish between scarcity and shortage?

  1. A.Scarcity is a short-term issue, while shortage is endless.
  2. B.Shortage means resources are finite, while scarcity is solved by money.
  3. C.Scarcity is universal and endless, while shortage is a specific and short-term problem.
  4. D.There is no difference between scarcity and shortage in economics.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Scarcity is universal and endless, while shortage is a specific and short-term problem.

ምክንያቱ

The textbook states that a shortage is a specific and short-term problem occurring at the prevailing price, while scarcity is a universal and endless problem.

ጥያቄ 6

On a Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF), any point located inside the curve represents an output combination that is:

  1. A.Unattainable
  2. B.Attainable and efficient
  3. C.Attainable but inefficient
  4. D.Achieving full employment and economic growth
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Attainable but inefficient

ምክንያቱ

All points on the curve are attainable and efficient, while any point inside the curve is attainable but inefficient.

ጥያቄ 7

A farmer in Gojjam chooses to produce teff using more labour relative to capital (machinery) per unit of output. Which production technique is the farmer using?

  1. A.Capital-intensive technique
  2. B.Labour-intensive technique
  3. C.Command technique
  4. D.Centralized technique
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Labour-intensive technique

ምክንያቱ

A labour-intensive technique involves using more labour relative to capital per unit of output.

ጥያቄ 8

In a capitalist economy, producers make goods according to what buyers want. This principle is known as:

  1. A.Central planning
  2. B.Consumer sovereignty
  3. C.Collective ownership
  4. D.Asymmetric growth
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ B Consumer sovereignty

ምክንያቱ

Consumer sovereignty means consumers can buy goods that suit their tastes, and producers produce goods in accordance with consumer demand.

ጥያቄ 9

A nation produces only food (in metric tons) and computers. At combination B, it produces 420 metric tons of food and 500 computers. At combination C, it produces 320 metric tons of food and 1000 computers. What is the opportunity cost of producing 1 additional computer when moving from B to C?

  1. A.0.2 metric tons of food
  2. B.100 metric tons of food
  3. C.5 metric tons of food
  4. D.500 metric tons of food
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ A 0.2 metric tons of food

ምክንያቱ

Moving from B to C, the nation gains 500 computers (1000 minus 500) and sacrifices 100 metric tons of food (420 minus 320). The opportunity cost per computer is 100 / 500 = 0.2 metric tons of food.

ጥያቄ 10

Why is the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) concave to the origin?

  1. A.Because total resources in an economy are unlimited.
  2. B.Because government sets fixed prices for all commodities.
  3. C.Because resources are not completely adaptable to alternative uses, leading to increasing opportunity costs.
  4. D.Because technology constantly improves every month.
መልሱንና ምክንያቱን ያሳዩ

መልስ፦ C Because resources are not completely adaptable to alternative uses, leading to increasing opportunity costs.

ምክንያቱ

The law of increasing opportunity cost states that opportunity costs increase as more of a good is produced because economic resources are not completely adaptable to alternative uses (specialization effect). This makes the PPF concave to the origin.

መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።

የምዕራፍ 2 የመፅሐፍ ገጾች

ምዕራፍ 2 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 13 እስከ ገጽ 28 ይደርሳል።

የትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም, እንግሊዝኛ, 130 ገጾች

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ሁሉም የ9ኛ ክፍል ኢኮኖሚክስ አጭር ማስታወሻዎች

ይህን ምዕራፍ በመተግበሪያው ይለማመዱ

Temari ይህን ምዕራፍ ወደ ጊዜ የተቆረጠለት መልመጃ ይለውጠዋል፣ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል፤ ያልገባዎትንም የሚያብራራ የ AI አስተማሪ አለ።

በነጻ ይጀምሩ

Temari.et ለ Android ስልኮች መተግበሪያ አለው፤ በ Google Play ላይ በነጻ ይገኛል።

ከ Google Play ያውርዱስለ Temari መተግበሪያ
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