Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Diinagdee kutaa 12 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Diinagdee kutaa 12 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Gabaa keessatti rakkoolee odeeffannoo wal-hinqixxaannetti dhufan gosa lamatti addaan baasuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Yeroo isaanii wal hin makiinaa. Filannoon faallaa odeeffannoo dhokataan waliigalteen dura kan uumamu yoo ta'u, balaan naamusaa immoo gocha dhokataan waliigaltee booda kan uumamu dha.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 49-71 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Gosa Meeshaa | Dorgommii Fayyadamaa | Dhowwuu Danda'uu | Fakkeenya |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure private goods | Rivalrous | Excludable | Nyaata, uffata |
| Pure public goods | Non-rivalrous | Non-excludable | Ittisa biyyaa, qilleensa qulqulluu |
| Impure public (toll) | Non-rivalrous | Excludable | Daandiwwan kaffaltii ariifataa, cable TV |
| Impure public (common) | Rivalrous | Non-excludable | Qurxummii galaanaa, lafa dheedichaa waliinii |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Ulaagaalee dorgommii fayyadamaa fi dhowwuu danda'uu irratti hundaa'uun meeshaalee dinagdee ramaduuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Meeshaaleen uummataa qulqulluun dorgommii dhabuu fi dhowwamuu dhabuu lamaan qabaachuu qabu. Amala tokko qofa kan qaban meeshaalee uummataa qulqulluu hin taane jedhamu.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 49-71 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Hanqina gabaa dhiibbaa alaan uumamu fi imaammata sirreeffamaa adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Dhiibbaan alaa miidhaan qabu baasiin hawaasaa waan caaluuf oomisha garmalee fida, furmaanni isaas gibira dha. Dhiibbaan alaa gaariin immoo bu'aan hawaasaa waan caaluuf oomisha xiqqaachuu fida, furmaanni isaas deeggarsa maallaqaa dha.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 49-71 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Oomisha dabalataa oomishuun baasii waliigalaa hawaasa irra gahu herreguuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Dhiibbaa alaa miidhaa qabu keessatti baasiin hawaasaa baasii dhuunfaa irra caala. Sirni gabaa baasii alaa daangaa kana hin dabalatu.
Grade 12 Economics, fuula 49-71 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
According to economics, what condition defines allocative efficiency in an economy?
Deebii: A Marginal social benefit equals marginal social cost
Sababa
Allocative efficiency is achieved when it is impossible to reallocate resources to increase society welfare, which occurs when marginal social benefit (MSB) is equal to marginal social cost (MSC).
Gaaffii 2
What are the two major features that define a pure public good?
Deebii: B Non-rivalry in consumption and non-excludability
Sababa
A pure public good has two primary features: non-rivalry in consumption (one person using it does not reduce the amount available to others) and non-excludability (it is difficult or expensive to prevent non-payers from consuming it).
Gaaffii 3
Which Ethiopian law sets out the legal rights of consumers and protects them from unfair market practices?
Deebii: A Consumer Proclamation No. 813/2013
Sababa
In Ethiopia, Consumer Proclamation No. 813/2013 outlines consumer rights, protection against unfair practices, and mechanisms for consumer grievance redressal.
Gaaffii 4
What business malpractice refers to adding an inferior substance to the product being sold?
Deebii: B Sale of adulterated goods
Sababa
The sale of adulterated goods is defined as adding something inferior or impure to the product being sold to consumers.
Gaaffii 5
Why does the private market fail to provide pure public goods efficiently?
Deebii: B The free rider problem arises because non-payers cannot be excluded
Sababa
Because public goods are non-excludable, people can benefit without paying (free riders). Since private sellers cannot easily collect payment, the free market underprovides or fails to supply them.
Gaaffii 6
In the presence of a negative externality in production, how does marginal social cost (MSC) compare to marginal private cost (MPC)?
Deebii: C MSC is greater than MPC, leading to overproduction
Sababa
When a negative externality exists, MSC = MPC + MEC. Because MSC is greater than MPC, the competitive market produces more output than the socially optimal level (overproduction).
Gaaffii 7
A bank in Hawassa reviews a borrower's credit history, job security, and assets before approving a loan. This strategy to combat adverse selection is called:
Deebii: B Screening
Sababa
Screening is an action taken by the uninformed party (in this case, the bank) to gather information about the other party to reduce adverse selection.
Gaaffii 8
An individual in Addis Ababa buys comprehensive insurance against car theft and then becomes less careful about locking the vehicle. This situation is an example of:
Deebii: C Moral hazard
Sababa
Moral hazard occurs when a party insulated from risk changes behavior and acts less carefully because another party (the insurer) bears the negative consequences.
Gaaffii 9
According to the Coase theorem, private bargaining can resolve externalities without government taxes under which conditions?
Deebii: B Zero or minimal transaction costs, a small number of affected parties, and well-defined property rights
Sababa
Coase (1960) showed that bargaining achieves an efficient outcome when transaction costs are zero or minimal, the number of affected individuals is small, and property rights are well defined.
Gaaffii 10
To correct a negative production externality, what solution did economist A. C. Pigou propose?
Deebii: B A per-unit tax equal to the difference between marginal social cost and marginal private cost at the socially optimal output
Sababa
Pigou proposed imposing a per-unit tax equal to the difference between marginal social cost (MSC) and marginal private cost (MPC) corresponding to the socially optimal output level to internalize the externality.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 49 hanga fuula 71 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 214
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi
Temari.et appii Android qaba; Google Play irratti bilisaan argama.
