የምዕራፍ ማስታወሻዎችና የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች
በዚህ ገጽ ያለው ሁሉ ለ11ኛ ክፍል የእንግሊዝኛ መፅሐፍ ምዕራፍ 2 ነው፦ ምዕራፉ የሚሸፍነው፣ አጭር ማስታወሻዎቹ፣ የመልመጃ ጥያቄዎች ከመልሶቻቸው ጋር፣ እና ቪዲዮ ባለበት የትምህርቱ ቪዲዮ።
በ11ኛ ክፍል የእንግሊዝኛ ገጽ ላይ በዚህ ምዕራፍ ሥር የተመዘገቡት ካርዶች። አንድ በአንድ ይክፈቱ።
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
ስምን በwho፣ whom፣ whose፣ which፣ that፣ where ወይም when ሲገልጹ እና የሐረጉን ዓይነት መወሰን ሲያስፈልግ ይጠቀሙ። defining clause ስሙን ይገድባል (ይወስናል)፣ non-defining clause ደግሞ ተጨማሪ መረጃ ብቻ ይሰጣል።
ይጠንቀቁ
ሐረጉን አስወግደው ይሞክሩ። ትርጉሙ ካልተለወጠ non-defining ነው (Addis Ababa University, which is entirely face to face, has main offices at Sidist Kilo)። ትርጉሙ ከተለወጠ ወይም ዓረፍተ ነገሩ ያልተሟላ ከሆነ defining ነው (The student who sits in the back asks a lot of questions)።
ከGrade 11 English፣ ገጽ 33-63 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
አንድ ሰው ፈቀደ ወይም አስገደደ ለማለት ይጠቀሙ። let ማለት መፍቀድ ነው፣ make ማለት ማስገደድ ወይም ማድረግ ነው፤ ሁለቱም ዕቃ (object) እና ያለ to የሆነ infinitive (bare infinitive) ይከተላቸዋል (My boss let me leave early. That story made me cry)።
ይጠንቀቁ
በአክቲቭ ዓረፍተ ነገር ከlet ወይም make በኋላ to አያስገቡ (let me to leave ስህተት ነው)። make በpassive ሲሆን ብቻ to ይወስዳል፣ ለምሳሌ She was made to work on Saturdays። Let's ከinfinitive ጋር ሀሳብ ማቅረቢያ ነው።
ከGrade 11 English፣ ገጽ 33-63 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
መቼ እንደሚጠቀሙበት
የሰውን ቃል በቀጥታ ወደ ተዘዋዋሪ አነጋገር (reported speech) ሲቀይሩ ይጠቀሙ። ንግግሩ ባለፈ ጊዜ ከሆነ ግሱን አንድ እርከን ወደ ኋላ ይመልሱ (I have a new car ወደ He said he had a new car ይቀየራል)፣ የጊዜ ቃላትንም ይቀይሩ (tomorrow ወደ the following day)።
ይጠንቀቁ
በተዘዋዋሪ ጥያቄ do እና የጥያቄውን የቃላት ቅደም ተከተል ያስወግዱ። አዎ ወይም አይደለም ጥያቄ ከሆነ if ይጠቀሙ፣ ካልሆነ የጥያቄውን ቃል ያቆዩ (Where do they live? ወደ You asked me where they lived ይቀየራል)። ትዕዛዝን በtell እና to infinitive፣ ልመናን (request) በask እና to infinitive ያስተላልፉ። tell ዕቃ ተውላጠ ስም (object pronoun) ያስፈልገዋል።
ከGrade 11 English፣ ገጽ 33-63 የተዘጋጀ፤ ከመውጣቱ በፊት ሁለት ጊዜ ተረጋግጧል
በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ የተጻፉ 10 የምርጫ ጥያቄዎች፣ እያንዳንዳቸው መልሱና ምክንያቱ አላቸው። መልሱን ከመክፈትዎ በፊት ይሞክሩ። ጥያቄዎቹ በእንግሊዝኛ ናቸው።
ጥያቄ 1
Which calendar does the listening text describe as the most widely used calendar in the world today?
መልስ፦ B The Gregorian calendar
ምክንያቱ
The text says: "Today, the Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar in the world today." The Julian calendar is mentioned only as the calendar that the Gregorian calendar was made to correct.
ጥያቄ 2
In a leap year, on which date is one extra day added to the Gregorian calendar?
መልስ፦ B 29 February
ምክንያቱ
The text says that a leap year occurs nearly every four years, when one extra or intercalary day is added on 29 February. This makes the leap year 366 days long.
ጥያቄ 3
In the reading about the Ethiopian civil service, the phrasal verb lay off is used. What does lay off mean?
መልስ፦ B To stop employing someone; to dismiss
ምክንያቱ
The phrasal verb table in the unit says that lay off means "stop employment of someone, dismiss." "To put down" is the meaning of lay down, and "to cause something to happen" is the meaning of lead up to.
ጥያቄ 4
When you write a summary of a text, which of these should you not include?
መልስ፦ C Your own opinions about the text
ምክንያቱ
The unit says a summary contains only the ideas of the original text. Do not add your own opinions, interpretations, deductions or comments.
ጥያቄ 5
Change the direct speech into reported speech.
Direct speech: "I have a new car."
መልስ፦ B He said he had a new car.
ምክንያቱ
When we report something in the past ("he said"), we move the tense one step back. The present perfect "have" becomes the past perfect "had". So "I have a new car" becomes "he had a new car".
ጥያቄ 6
Change the direct question into reported speech.
Direct speech: "Do they live here?"
Reported: You asked me ...
መልስ፦ B if they lived here.
ምክንያቱ
A yes/no question is reported with "if". The verb moves one step back, so "live" becomes "lived". The word "do" is removed because the sentence is no longer a question.
ጥያቄ 7
Choose the correct sentence.
መልስ፦ A The teacher made us study very hard.
ምክንያቱ
After make in the active voice, we use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without "to"). So we say "made us study". The "to" form is used only when make is in the passive.
ጥያቄ 8
Ethiopia held a one-day tree planting event on 29 July, 2019. What was the initial target for the number of tree seedlings to be planted in the Green Legacy Initiative?
መልስ፦ C 200 million
ምክንያቱ
The text says the initial target was to plant 200 million tree samplings. The government later announced that more than 350 million were planted, which was above the target.
ጥያቄ 9
Which sentence contains a non-defining relative clause?
መልስ፦ C Addis Ababa University, which is entirely a face to face instruction, has main administrative offices at Sidist Kilo.
ምክንያቱ
A non-defining clause gives extra information. If you remove it, the sentence still has the same meaning. In sentence C, the clause "which is entirely a face to face instruction" adds extra information about the university. In A, B and D, the clause tells us which person or thing is meant, so it is a defining clause.
ጥያቄ 10
Read the sentence: "He had been waiting for two hours when he decided to go back home." Which tense is used?
መልስ፦ C Past perfect continuous
ምክንያቱ
The past perfect continuous describes actions that began in the past and continued until another action happened in the past. Here, the waiting started earlier and went on until he decided to go home. The form is "had been" plus the -ing verb.
መተግበሪያው በዚህ ምዕራፍ ላይ 12 ጥያቄዎች አሉት፤ እየሠሩ ያርምዎታል። እዚህ ያሉት የመጀመሪያዎቹ 10 ናቸው።
ምዕራፍ 2 በየትምህርት ሚኒስቴር እትም ከገጽ 33 እስከ ገጽ 63 ይደርሳል።
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