Yaadannoo boqonnaa fi gaaffii shaakalaa
Wanti fuula kana irra jiru hundi boqonnaa 3 kitaaba Qonna kutaa 11 tiif: wanta boqonnaan haguugu, yaadannoo gabaabaa, gaaffii shaakalaa deebii isaanii waliin, fi viidiyoo barnootaa bakka jirutti.
Kaardiiwwan fuula Qonna kutaa 11 irratti boqonnaa kana jala galmaa'an. Tokko tokkoon bani.
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Kasaaraa oomishaa fi qulqullina sanyii saamsamoo, nuugii fi jirbii irratti dhalatan adda baasuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Saamsamoo fi nuugii boodatti haamuun sanyiin akka harca'u taasisa, nuugii dafanii haamuun immoo bifa sanyii balleessa. Aramaaleen miidhaa geessisan (dodder fi orobanche) osoo sanyii hin godhatin buqqifamanii gubamuu qabu.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 36-46 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Crop | Type | Altitude or Climate | Harvest Indicator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saallii (Sesame) | Midhaan zayitaa (Oil crop) | Hanga , ho'aa () | Baala, jirmaafi podiiwwan (pods) keessaa harki tokko sadaffaan gara keellootti yeroo jijjiiraman |
| Nuugii (Noug) | Midhaan zayitaa (Oil crop) | hanga , biyyee suphee (clay soils) | Baallan magariisa irraa gara magaalaafi keellootti yeroo jijjiiraman |
| Jirbii (Cotton) | Midhaan quncee (Fiber crop) | Qilleensa ho'aa, hongee dandamatu (drought-tolerant) | Yoo xiqqaate bolls dhoohanii yeroo banaman |
| Saayisaal (Sisal) | Midhaan quncee (Fiber crop) | Sadarkaa galaanaa irraa hanga | Baallan dheerina fi bal'ina yeroo ga'an |
| Shonkooraa (Sugar cane) | Midhaan sukkaaraa (Sugar crop) | Waqtii ho'aa dheeraa, biyyee gabbataa | Dhaabbannaa jalqabaa irraa kaasee hanga booda |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Ramaddii, haala qilleensaa fi mallattoolee haamaa midhaan warshaa Itoophiyaa keessatti walbira qabuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Nuugiin dachee baddaa keessatti biyyoolee suphee bishaan kuusan danda'a, garuu saamsamoon bishaan baay'ee hin danda'u, biyyee cirrachaafi gammoojjii barbaada.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 36-46 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Product or Practice | Origin / Part | Primary Industrial Use |
|---|---|---|
| Molasses | Hambaa dhangala'aa dukkanaa'aa dhangala'aa shonkooraa irraa hafe | Oomisha Ethanol |
| Bagasse | Hambaa jirma qajjisaa erga cuunfamee booda hafu | Waraqaa, plastics, fi boba'aa |
| Green tops | Baala fi fiixee lalisaa shonkooraa | Nyaata beeyladaa kallattiin |
| Ratoon crop | Hundee haamame irraa deebiee biqiluu | Oomisha shonkooraa marsaa hanga tiif |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Fayyadama warshaa oomishaalee shonkooraa fi sirna oomisha ratoon ibsuuf itti fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Midhaan ratoon oomisha duraa (ji'oota 14 hanga 18) caalaa ji'oota 12 keessatti bilchaata, garuu oomishni isaa xiqqaadha fi al 2 hanga 3 qofa sassaabama.
Grade 11 Agriculture, fuula 36-46 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Gaaffii filannoo 10 boqonnaa kana irratti barreeffaman, tokkoon tokkoon isaanii deebii fi sababa qabu. Deebii banuu dura yaali. Gaaffiin kun Ingiliffaa tiin.
Gaaffii 1
Which oil crop originated in Ethiopia and accounts for about half of all food oil production in the country?
Deebii: A Noug
Sababa
Noug (Guizotia abyssinica L.) originated in Ethiopia, and Ethiopia is its largest producer. It accounts for about half of the food oil produced in the country.
Gaaffii 2
What is the process of separating seeds and plant debris from cotton fiber called?
Deebii: B Ginning
Sababa
Ginning is the first processing step after harvest where seeds and plant debris are separated from the raw cotton fiber.
Gaaffii 3
From which part of the sisal plant is commercial fiber obtained?
Deebii: C Leaf
Sababa
Sisal fiber is a hard fiber derived directly from the leaf of the sisal plant.
Gaaffii 4
Which dark liquid by-product of sugar cane processing is used in the production of ethanol?
Deebii: B Molasses
Sababa
Molasses is the dark liquid produced from sugar cane juice during processing, and it is used to produce ethanol.
Gaaffii 5
Why is high rainfall during the flowering stage harmful to sesame yield?
Deebii: A It causes the flowers to drop off the plant.
Sababa
Sesame is sensitive to excess water. High rainfall during flowering causes the flowers to drop off, which reduces seed formation and overall yield.
Gaaffii 6
Which two parasitic weeds attack noug crops and must be uprooted and burned before producing seeds?
Deebii: B Dodder and orobanche
Sababa
Noug can be severely affected by parasitic weeds like dodder and orobanche. They must be removed and burned before they set seed to prevent widespread yield loss.
Gaaffii 7
A cotton farmer in the Awash Valley is checking the field for maturity. Cotton is ready for harvest when:
Deebii: C at least half of the plants have their bolls burst open.
Sababa
Cotton is ready for harvest (picking) when at least half of the plants have their bolls burst open, usually after 6 to 7 months of growth.
Gaaffii 8
How is sisal propagated vegetatively before being transplanted into the main field?
Deebii: B Using suckers or bulbils grown in a nursery
Sababa
Sisal is propagated vegetatively through suckers growing around the plant base or bulbils from the flower stalk, which are raised in a nursery until they are about 40 cm high.
Gaaffii 9
What is the regenerated crop of sugar cane called after the first harvest, and how many times can it be harvested?
Deebii: C Ratoon crop, harvested 2 to 3 times
Sababa
After the first harvest (at 14 to 18 months), sugar cane regenerates from the roots to produce a ratoon crop (ready in about 12 months). Ratoon harvests are limited to 2 or 3 times.
Gaaffii 10
What are the recommended planting spacing and sowing depth for cotton?
Deebii: A 1 m between rows, 30 cm between plants, and 8 cm depth
Sababa
Cotton is planted in rows with 1 m spacing between rows, 30 cm spacing between plants, and a sowing depth of about 8 cm using acid-treated seeds.
Appiin boqonnaa kana irratti gaaffii 12 qaba; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa. Kan asii jiran 10 jalqabaa ti.
Boqonnaan 3 Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa keessatti fuula 36 hanga fuula 46 ti.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa, Fuula 270
Temari boqonnaa kana gara shaakala yeroon daangeffametti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
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