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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 10 Citizenship unit 6: Human rights

Everything here is for unit 6 of the Grade 10 Citizenship textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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3
Cards
10
Practice questions on unit 6
138–153
The textbook pages for unit 6

What unit 6 covers

  1. 1.The concept of human right
  2. 2.The meaning of human rights
  3. 3.The basic features of human right
  4. 4.Classification of human rights
  5. 5.Human right provision under the federal constitution
  6. 6.Citizens and state obligations in realizing human rights
  7. 7.State obligations
  8. 8.Instruments for the protection of human rights

Short notes for unit 6

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 10 Citizenship page. Open one at a time.

FDRE Constitution ProvisionArticle CoverageKey Scope and Examples
Fundamental PrincipleArticle 10Human rights and freedoms emanate from the nature of mankind, inviolable and inalienable
Human RightsArticles 14 to 28Right to life, security, liberty, prohibition of inhuman treatment, equality, privacy, religion
Democratic RightsArticles 29 to 44Freedom of expression, assembly, demonstration, political participation, right to vote

When you use it

Use when identifying the constitutional division of fundamental rights into human rights versus democratic rights in Ethiopia.

Watch out

Chapter Three covers Articles 13 to 44 in total, but human rights are placed under Articles 14 to 28, while democratic rights occupy Articles 29 to 44.

Drafted from Grade 10 Citizenship Education, pages 138-153, then checked twice before it went up

FeatureCore PrincipleKey Limitation or Clarification
UniversalismApplies equally to all people everywhere without distinctionUniversality is not uniformity; it does not eliminate cultural diversity
InalienabilityInherent to human existence and cannot be permanently lostLawful suspension is permitted in specific cases, such as imprisonment or declared emergency
Indivisibility and InterdependenceRights are connected; enjoying one depends on othersNo single right is superior to another; civil and political rights connect with economic rights
EternalityHeld throughout lifeEnds only at the moment of natural death
Inviolability and IrrevocabilityCannot be violated or taken away by any power or authorityDerived from human dignity and moral nature

When you use it

Use when identifying the defining characteristics of human rights and how they apply to individuals.

Watch out

Universality does not mean uniformity. Inalienable rights can have specific lawful restrictions (such as curfews during emergencies), but they can never be permanently abolished.

Drafted from Grade 10 Citizenship Education, pages 138-153, then checked twice before it went up

GenerationRights IncludedHistorical OriginNature of State Action
First generationCivil and political rights (life, liberty, fair trial, free elections)17th and 18th century English, American, and French revolutionsNegative rights: limits government interference and restricts state action
Second generationEconomic, social, and cultural rights (work, education, health, social security)Socialist traditions of Marx and LeninPositive rights: requires active state intervention and resource provision
Third generationCollective rights (self-determination, economic development, common heritage)Late 20th century, championed by the Third WorldSolidarity rights: requires global and group cooperation

When you use it

Use when classifying human rights by their historical origin, philosophical foundation, and whether they require negative restraint or positive action from the state.

Watch out

First generation rights are negative (demanding state restraint), whereas second generation rights are positive (demanding state action and resources).

Drafted from Grade 10 Citizenship Education, pages 138-153, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 6

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

According to the textbook, what is the only precondition or criteria a person must fulfill to enjoy human rights?

  1. A.Being a citizen of a recognized state
  2. B.Being a human being
  3. C.Paying taxes to the government
  4. D.Reaching the legal age of adulthood
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Being a human being

Why

The textbook states that human rights belong to every member of the human race and the only criteria someone must fulfill to enjoy these rights is being a human.

Question 2

Which feature of human rights means that they apply equally to all people everywhere in the world, without any time limit?

  1. A.Universalism
  2. B.Inviolability
  3. C.Irrevocability
  4. D.Interdependence
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Universalism

Why

Universalism means that human rights apply equally to all people everywhere in the world, and with no time limit.

Question 3

Which feature explains that the only time individuals stop enjoying their human rights is at the time of natural death?

  1. A.Inalienability
  2. B.Eternality
  3. C.Diversity
  4. D.Indivisibility
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Eternality

Why

Eternality means that the only time individuals stop enjoying their human rights is at the time of natural death. Otherwise, these rights are eternal.

Question 4

According to Article 10 of the FDRE Constitution, from what source do human rights and freedoms emanate?

  1. A.The permission of the regional council
  2. B.The nature of mankind
  3. C.Economic development treaties
  4. D.Decisions of local courts
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The nature of mankind

Why

Article 10 of the FDRE Constitution explicitly states: Human rights and freedoms, emanating from the nature of mankind, are inviolable and inalienable.

Question 5

First-generation human rights derive mainly from seventeenth and eighteenth century political theories and focus on:

  1. A.limiting government by placing restrictions on state action.
  2. B.encouraging state intervention to provide social welfare.
  3. C.protecting the common heritage of mankind for developing nations.
  4. D.granting group rights to natural resource development.
Show the answer and why

Answer: A limiting government by placing restrictions on state action.

Why

First-generation rights consist of civil and political rights that favor limiting government power by placing restrictions on state action.

Question 6

Second-generation human rights originated mainly in the socialist traditions of Marx and Lenin and are conceived in:

  1. A.negative terms that prohibit all government intervention.
  2. B.positive terms that encourage the intervention of the state.
  3. C.temporary terms that apply only during national emergencies.
  4. D.narrow terms restricted only to freedom of speech.
Show the answer and why

Answer: B positive terms that encourage the intervention of the state.

Why

Second-generation rights (economic, social, and cultural rights) are conceived in positive rather than negative terms, encouraging the state to intervene and provide services like education and healthcare.

Question 7

What does it mean that human rights are indivisible and interdependent?

  1. A.They can be permanently surrendered by signing an agreement.
  2. B.The enjoyment of one right depends on the enjoyment of many other rights.
  3. C.Civil rights must always replace economic and social rights.
  4. D.Rights only apply when citizens live in their home regions.
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The enjoyment of one right depends on the enjoyment of many other rights.

Why

Indivisible and interdependent means that different human rights are connected and cannot be viewed in isolation; enjoying one right depends on enjoying other rights.

Question 8

In Chapter Three of the FDRE Constitution, which specific articles are classified under Human Rights?

  1. A.Articles 1 to 12
  2. B.Articles 14 to 28
  3. C.Articles 29 to 44
  4. D.Articles 61 to 62
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Articles 14 to 28

Why

Chapter Three of the FDRE Constitution divides fundamental rights into two categories: Articles 14 to 28 are named Human Rights, while Articles 29 to 44 are dubbed Democratic Rights.

Question 9

According to the textbook discussion on citizens' obligations, what must a citizen do before staging a public demonstration?

  1. A.Pay a tax directly to the federal supreme court
  2. B.Apply for permission from the government office
  3. C.Register a new political organization
  4. D.Receive approval from a foreign embassy
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Apply for permission from the government office

Why

The textbook explains that while participating in and organizing demonstrations is a right, using this right requires an obligation to apply for permission from the government office.

Question 10

Under state obligations, what does the obligation to respect require a government to do?

  1. A.Refrain from interfering with the enjoyment of rights
  2. B.Take over all private schools and hospitals
  3. C.Perform medical research without patient consent
  4. D.Abolish the legal court system during crises
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Refrain from interfering with the enjoyment of rights

Why

The obligation to respect requires state parties to refrain from interfering with the enjoyment of rights, such as not excluding individuals from school or conducting experiments without consent.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 6

Unit 6 runs from page 138 to page 153 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 222 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 10 Citizenship short notes

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