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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 10 History unit 1: Development of capitalism and nationalism

Everything here is for unit 1 of the Grade 10 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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3
Cards
10
Practice questions on unit 1
1–23
The textbook pages for unit 1

What unit 1 covers

  1. 1.Features of Capitalism
  2. 2.Features of Nationalism and Formation of Nation States
  3. 3.Unification of Italy
  4. 4.Unification of Germany
  5. 5.The American Civil War
  6. 6.Nationalism and the "Eastern Question"

Short notes for unit 1

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 10 History page. Open one at a time.

DimensionThe Union (Northern States)The Confederacy (Southern States)
Economic SystemIndustrial, factories, low-wage laborAgrarian plantation economy, cotton production
Position on SlaveryAbolitionist movement, opposed extension of slaveryDefended slavery as essential to economy
Political LeadershipPresident Abraham LincolnJefferson Davis (11 seceded states)
Key War MilestonesEmancipation Proclamation (1863), Thirteenth Amendment (1865)Formed in 1861, final surrender in November 1865

When you use it

Use when comparing the economic structures, slavery stances, leadership, and outcomes of the two sides in the American Civil War (1861 to 1865).

Watch out

The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive wartime order in 1863 freeing rebel-held slaves, but slavery was permanently abolished everywhere in the USA by the Thirteenth Amendment in December 1865.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 2-23, then checked twice before it went up

LeaderRole or MovementKey Contribution
Giuseppe MazziniFounder of Young Italy (1831)Promoted a liberal democratic republic, led the 1848 Roman Republic
Count Camillo di CavourPrime Minister of Sardinia (1852)Modernized Piedmont, secured French alliance to defeat Austria and gain Lombardy
Giuseppe GaribaldiLeader of the Red ShirtsConquered Sicily and southern Italy, handed power to Victor Emmanuel II
Victor Emmanuel IIKing of SardiniaProclaimed King of the unified Kingdom of Italy in 1861

When you use it

Use when distinguishing the distinct political roles and strategies of the leaders of the Italian unification movement.

Watch out

Mazzini advocated for a democratic republic, whereas Cavour and Garibaldi agreed to unify Italy under the monarchy of King Victor Emmanuel II.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 2-23, then checked twice before it went up

War and YearOpponentKey Event or BattleMajor Outcome
Danish War (1864)DenmarkDispute over Schleswig and HolsteinSchleswig ceded to Prussia, Holstein to Austria
Seven Weeks War (1866)AustriaBattle of Königgrätz (Sadowa)Prussia took Schleswig and Holstein, North German Confederation formed, Venetia given to Italy
Franco-Prussian War (1870 to 1871)FranceEms Telegram and Battle of SedanTreaty of Frankfurt: France ceded Alsace and Lorraine: German Empire proclaimed at Versailles (1871)

When you use it

Use when analyzing the sequence, opponents, and territorial outcomes of Otto von Bismarck's Blood and Iron policy.

Watch out

Venetia went to Italy after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, while Alsace and Lorraine were ceded to Germany by France after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 2-23, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 1

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

In which European country did the Industrial Revolution first begin in the 18th century?

  1. A.France
  2. B.Belgium
  3. C.England
  4. D.Germany
Show the answer and why

Answer: C England

Why

The Industrial Revolution first started in England in the 18th century before spreading to Belgium, France, and the German states.

Question 2

Which two socio-economic classes developed as a direct result of industrialization?

  1. A.The peasantry and the feudal lords
  2. B.The proletariat and the bourgeoisie
  3. C.The clergy and the nobility
  4. D.The monarchs and the landlords
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The proletariat and the bourgeoisie

Why

Industrialization promoted the growth of two main classes: the bourgeoisie (wealthy owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (wage workers).

Question 3

What was the name of the movement founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831 to promote Italian unity?

  1. A.Young Italy
  2. B.The Red Shirts
  3. C.The Zollverein
  4. D.The Carbonari Union
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Young Italy

Why

In 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the movement called Young Italy, which attracted tens of thousands of Italians who favoured a united republic.

Question 4

Which policy did Otto von Bismarck use to achieve the unification of Germany through military power?

  1. A.The Open Door policy
  2. B.The Blood and Iron policy
  3. C.The Command Economy policy
  4. D.The Continental System
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The Blood and Iron policy

Why

Otto von Bismarck pursued the Blood and Iron policy, which meant using Prussian military power to bring about German unification.

Question 5

What was the primary purpose of the Zollverein created by German states in 1834?

  1. A.To establish a joint military command against France
  2. B.To remove tariffs on products traded between German states
  3. C.To elect a single emperor for all German-speaking people
  4. D.To build a single national railway network under Austrian control
Show the answer and why

Answer: B To remove tariffs on products traded between German states

Why

The Zollverein was a customs union that created an economic alliance by removing tariffs on trade between the German states.

Question 6

In their 1858 secret agreement, what did Count Camillo di Cavour promise to give France in return for military help against Austria?

  1. A.Lombardy and Venetia
  2. B.Parma and Modena
  3. C.Nice and Savoy
  4. D.Sicily and Naples
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Nice and Savoy

Why

Under the secret agreement of 1858, Napoleon III agreed to help Sardinia expel Austria from Lombardy and Venetia in return for the regions of Nice and Savoy.

Question 7

Which territories were ceded by France to Germany under the Treaty of Frankfurt in May 1871?

  1. A.Schleswig and Holstein
  2. B.Alsace and Lorraine
  3. C.Bavaria and Baden
  4. D.Nice and Savoy
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Alsace and Lorraine

Why

Following its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, France signed the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) and ceded the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, which were rich in coal and iron, to Germany.

Question 8

Who served as the president of the eleven seceding southern states (the Confederacy) during the American Civil War?

  1. A.Frederick Douglass
  2. B.William Lloyd Garrison
  3. C.John Wilkes Booth
  4. D.Jefferson Davis
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Jefferson Davis

Why

Jefferson Davis, a wealthy plantation owner, led the eleven southern states that formed the Confederacy and seceded from the Union.

Question 9

Which four European powers drew up the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 to restore monarchies and stop changes initiated by Napoleon?

  1. A.Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria
  2. B.France, Britain, Piedmont, and Russia
  3. C.Austria, France, Denmark, and Prussia
  4. D.Britain, Germany, Italy, and Russia
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria

Why

In 1815, the conservative powers Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria drew up the Treaty of Vienna to reverse Napoleonic changes and restore the old monarchical orders.

Question 10

What event in 1870 directly allowed Italian forces to enter Rome and complete the unification of Italy?

  1. A.The signing of the Treaty of Frankfurt
  2. B.The defeat of Austria at the Battle of Königgrätz
  3. C.The outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War and the withdrawal of French troops
  4. D.The agreement between Giuseppe Garibaldi and the Pope
Show the answer and why

Answer: C The outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War and the withdrawal of French troops

Why

When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, France withdrew its garrison from Rome. Italian forces then entered Rome and proclaimed it the capital of the united Kingdom of Italy.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 1

Unit 1 runs from page 1 to page 23 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 243 pages

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All Grade 10 History short notes

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