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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 9 Citizenship unit 8: Ethiopia's foreign relations in East Africa

Everything here is for unit 8 of the Grade 9 Citizenship textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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Practice questions on unit 8

What unit 8 covers

  1. 1.The concepts of foreign relations
  2. 2.National interest
  3. 3.Foreign policy
  4. 4.Instruments of foreign policy
  5. 5.The roles of foreign policy
  6. 6.The roles of foreign policy in enhancing the regional cooperation
  7. 7.The roles of foreign policy for sustainable peace of Ethiopia
  8. 8.The roles of foreign policy for socio-economic development of Ethiopia

Short notes for unit 8

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 9 Citizenship page. Open one at a time.

ComponentCore Focus
SecurityNational security, political independence, and territorial integrity
National developmentSocio-economic growth, trade, and economic interdependence
World orderGeopolitical influence, military power, and standing in the global arena

When you use it

Use when identifying or classifying the three essential components of a state's national interest.

Watch out

Do not confuse the core components of national interest with the foreign policy instruments used to achieve them.

Drafted from Grade 9 Citizenship Education, page 159 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

Partner or DomainKey Link and Function
DjiboutiPrimary port of use for over 90% of imports; receives electricity
SudanPrimary source of fuel imports; major market for livestock and crops
Power ExportHydroelectric energy supplied to Kenya, Sudan, and Djibouti
PeacekeepingTroop deployment to Somalia, Darfur, and Abyei; mediation via AU and IGAD

When you use it

Use when reviewing Ethiopia's specific socio-economic ties, port access, trade, and peacekeeping roles in the Horn of Africa.

Watch out

Over 90 percent of Ethiopia's imports arrive via the Port of Djibouti, making port services the bedrock of Ethio-Djibouti ties.

Drafted from Grade 9 Citizenship Education, page 159 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

InstrumentDefinition and Role
DiplomacyArt of conducting negotiations and managing relations without hostility
Economic methodsUsing trade, markets, and resource interdependence to achieve goals
Military forceImposing force as a last resort when peaceful methods fail

When you use it

Use when distinguishing the different instruments states apply to execute foreign policy.

Watch out

Military force is strictly a last resort applied only after peaceful diplomatic negotiations fail.

Drafted from Grade 9 Citizenship Education, page 159 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 8

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

What is the definition of foreign relations?

  1. A.The external relations of a country with countries of the world
  2. B.The internal affairs and local administration of a nation
  3. C.The commercial trade conducted only within domestic borders
  4. D.The social relations between different communities inside a state
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The external relations of a country with countries of the world

Why

The textbook defines foreign relations as the external relations of a country with countries of the world.

Question 2

Which Greek philosopher is cited in the textbook as stating that "man is a social animal"?

  1. A.Socrates
  2. B.Plato
  3. C.Aristotle
  4. D.Herodotus
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Aristotle

Why

The textbook notes that the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle described human nature by stating that "man is a social animal".

Question 3

Under which article of the 1995 FDRE Constitution are Ethiopia's principles for external relations stated?

  1. A.Article 14
  2. B.Article 40
  3. C.Article 52
  4. D.Article 86
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Article 86

Why

Article 86 of the 1995 FDRE Constitution outlines Ethiopia's principles for external relations.

Question 4

Which foreign policy instrument is defined as the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations?

  1. A.Propaganda
  2. B.Diplomacy
  3. C.Military force
  4. D.Economic sanction
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Diplomacy

Why

Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations to handle affairs without arousing hostility.

Question 5

What are the three minimum essential components of the national interest of any state?

  1. A.Security, national development, and world order
  2. B.Military alliance, foreign aid, and cultural export
  3. C.Territorial expansion, colonization, and tariffs
  4. D.Domestic policing, isolation, and trade bans
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Security, national development, and world order

Why

According to the textbook, the core components of national interest for every state are security, national development, and world order.

Question 6

When a state cannot fulfill its national interests through peaceful dialogue and diplomacy, which instrument does it use as a last resort?

  1. A.Cultural exchange
  2. B.Military force
  3. C.Regional trade agreements
  4. D.Public relations
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Military force

Why

States use military force as a last resort when peaceful methods and negotiations fail to secure their national interests.

Question 7

According to the textbook, which cross-boundary river flows from Ethiopia into Kenya?

  1. A.Tekeze River
  2. B.Baro River
  3. C.Omo River
  4. D.Wabishebelle River
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Omo River

Why

The textbook states that the Omo River flows from Ethiopia to Kenya.

Question 8

What proportion of Ethiopia's imports arrive via the Port of Djibouti?

  1. A.Almost 50 percent
  2. B.Almost 70 percent
  3. C.Almost 90 percent
  4. D.Almost 100 percent
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Almost 90 percent

Why

The textbook highlights that almost 90 percent of Ethiopia's imports arrive via the Port of Djibouti.

Question 9

Besides Ethiopia, which other countries in the East African region are listed in the textbook as lacking sea ports?

  1. A.Kenya and Somalia
  2. B.Sudan and Djibouti
  3. C.Eritrea and Sudan
  4. D.South Sudan and Uganda
Show the answer and why

Answer: D South Sudan and Uganda

Why

The textbook specifies that in the East African region, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda are the countries without sea ports.

Question 10

When foreign policy is described as a blend of "ends and means", what do the end and the means refer to?

  1. A.The end is the national interest, and the means is the power or capabilities of the state
  2. B.The end is military conquest, and the means is diplomatic dialogue
  3. C.The end is regional integration, and the means is internal party politics
  4. D.The end is foreign aid, and the means is international treaties
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The end is the national interest, and the means is the power or capabilities of the state

Why

In foreign policy, the end refers to the national interest of a state, while the means refers to the capabilities or power of the state to achieve that end.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 8

The whole Grade 9 Citizenship textbook, free as a PDF.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 184 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 9 Citizenship short notes

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