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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 10 History unit 9

Everything here is for unit 9 of the Grade 10 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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Practice questions on unit 9

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The Temari lesson on unit 9

A short video lesson on this chapter, made by Temari. It loads only when you press play.

Ethiopia's heritages on the UNESCO list · 4 min · 2 past exam questions worked through

Parts of the lesson

Tap a part to play the lesson from there.

What unit 9 covers

  1. 1.Indigenous Knowledge
  2. 2.The Role of Indigenous Knowledge for overall Development
  3. 3.Characteristics of Indigenous Knowledge
  4. 4.Some Specific and Unique Knowledge Systems in Ethiopia within a
  5. 5.Heritages of Ethiopia
  6. 6.Meaning and Values of Heritages
  7. 7.Types of Heritages

Short notes for unit 9

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 10 History page. Open one at a time.

CommunityInstitution or SystemCore Role and Function
AfarMada'aCustomary law and dispute resolution led by clan elders
AfarDaguTraditional oral information and communication network
OromoJaarsummaaReconciliation between disputing parties led by elders (Jaarsa)
OromoGumaaBlood money compensation system for homicide or injury
OromoSiinqeeWomen institution and ritual stick used to assert rights and peace
AmharaShimgelinaDispute settlement by five mutually appointed elders (Shimageles)
SidamaLuwa and SeeraLuwa age grades for training, Seera moral code based on Halale
Kambata and HadiyaSeeraCode of conduct for political administration and dispute resolution

When you use it

Use this card to review the customary institutions, conflict resolution mechanisms, and social codes across different Ethiopian societies.

Watch out

Do not confuse Dagu with Mada'a. Dagu is an information exchange network, while Mada'a is the customary dispute resolution mechanism of the Afar.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, page 211 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

HeritageCategoryYear Inscribed
Rock-hewn Churches of LalibelaTangible (Cultural)1978
Simien Mountains National ParkNatural1978
Stelae of AxumTangible (Cultural)1980
Lower Valley of AwashTangible (Paleo-anthropological)1980
Lower Valley of OmoTangible (Paleo-anthropological)1980
Tiya Carved StelaeTangible (Cultural)1980
Harar Jugol (Fortified Historic Town)Tangible (Cultural)2006
Konso Cultural LandscapeTangible (Cultural)2011
Mesqel Demera CeremonyIntangible Cultural2013
Fichee-Chambalaalla (Sidama New Year)Intangible Cultural2015
Gadaa SystemIntangible Cultural2016
Timket (Epiphany Festival)Intangible Cultural2019

When you use it

Use this card to identify Ethiopian world heritage sites, their categories as tangible, natural, or intangible, and their inscription dates.

Watch out

Do not classify Mesqel, Fichee-Chambalaalla, Gadaa, or Timket as tangible heritages. They are listed on the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, page 211 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 9

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

What is the name of the traditional information exchange system used by the Afar pastoralist community?

  1. A.Mada'a
  2. B.Dagu
  3. C.Luwa
  4. D.Gumaa
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Dagu

Why

Dagu is the indigenous communication network of the Afar people used to pass and receive news about water holes, grazing lands, missing animals, and trail conditions.

Question 2

In Oromo culture, what is the special ritual stick given to a woman on her wedding day to symbolize women's rights?

  1. A.Siinqee
  2. B.Safuu
  3. C.Heera
  4. D.Aadaa
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Siinqee

Why

Siinqee is a stick (ulee) given to a woman on her wedding day that symbolizes a socially sanctioned set of rights and serves as an institution for women's peace-building and rights protection.

Question 3

Which UNESCO-registered intangible cultural heritage of Ethiopia is a traditional New Year celebration of the Sidama people?

  1. A.Irreecha
  2. B.Ashenda
  3. C.Fichee-Chambalaalla
  4. D.Mesqel Demera
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Fichee-Chambalaalla

Why

Fichee-Chambalaalla is the New Year festival of the Sidama people, which was inscribed on the UNESCO representative list of intangible cultural heritage in 2015.

Question 4

In the Amhara conflict resolution mechanism of Shimgelina, how many elders (Shimageles) are typically appointed by the disputing parties?

  1. A.Three
  2. B.Five
  3. C.Eight
  4. D.Twelve
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Five

Why

In Shimgelina, five Shimageles (elders) are appointed by the disputing parties themselves to make binding decisions and restore peace.

Question 5

In Oromo customary institutions, which concept represents the moral category that prescribes what human actions and behaviors ought to be?

  1. A.Safuu
  2. B.Heera
  3. C.Seera
  4. D.Aadaa
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Safuu

Why

Safuu is the Oromo concept of ethics, a moral category prescribing proper human actions and behaviors.

Question 6

What are the two major objectives of the Sidama Luwa age-grade system?

  1. A.Collecting agrarian taxes and trading with coastal ports
  2. B.Organizing pilgrimage journeys and building stone walls
  3. C.Recruiting defense forces and developing future elders (Cimeeyye)
  4. D.Managing long-distance trade caravans and settling boundary disputes
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Recruiting defense forces and developing future elders (Cimeeyye)

Why

The two main objectives of the Luwa system are recruiting and training able-bodied men for national defense, and developing potential elders who will replace current elders (Cimeeyye).

Question 7

In traditional Oromo dispute settlement, what is the purpose of the Gumaa system?

  1. A.Distributing communal grazing land among youth
  2. B.Resolving homicide cases through compensation and reconciliation
  3. C.Organizing defense units during territorial expansion
  4. D.Celebrating the annual spring thanksgiving festival
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Resolving homicide cases through compensation and reconciliation

Why

Gumaa is an indigenous mechanism used to settle disputes related to murder or serious injury by paying blood money and promoting reconciliation.

Question 8

Which archaeological site in Ethiopia, located about 90 km south of Addis Ababa in the Soddo region, contains 36 monuments with 32 carved stelae?

  1. A.Yeha
  2. B.Tiya
  3. C.Fasil Ghebbi
  4. D.Lower Valley of Awash
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Tiya

Why

Tiya is located 90 km south of Addis Ababa in the Soddo region and contains 36 monuments, including 32 carved stelae covered with symbols.

Question 9

The defensive dry-stone wall known as Halala Keela (Halala Kab) in Dawuro was bordered by which two rivers?

  1. A.Abay and Tekeze Rivers
  2. B.Awash and Baro Rivers
  3. C.Omo and Gojeb Rivers
  4. D.Weyb and Genale Rivers
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Omo and Gojeb Rivers

Why

The Dawuro wall (Halala Keela) was constructed on strategic defense positions bordered by the Omo and Gojeb Rivers.

Question 10

Which two Ethiopian sites were the first to be registered by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites in the year 1978?

  1. A.Stelae of Axum and Tiya
  2. B.Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela and Simien Mountains National Park
  3. C.Harar Jugol and Konso Cultural Landscape
  4. D.Lower Valley of Awash and Lower Valley of Omo
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela and Simien Mountains National Park

Why

Both the Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela and the Simien Mountains National Park were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1978.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 9

The whole Grade 10 History textbook, free as a PDF.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 243 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 10 History short notes

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