Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 12 Information Technology unit 2: Emerging Technologies

Everything here is for unit 2 of the Grade 12 Information Technology textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

5
Cards: 10
Practice questions on unit 2: 29–59
The textbook pages for unit 2

What unit 2 covers

1.Introduction to Bigdata
2.Characteristics of Bigdata
3.Benefits of Bigdata
4.Application of Bigdata
5.Challenges of Bigdata
6.Cloud Computing
7.Introduction to Cloud Computing
8.Benefits of Cloud Computing
9.Limitations of Cloud Computing
10.Types of Cloud Computing
11.Cloud Computing Services
12.Fog Computing
13.Internet of Things (IoT)
14.Major advantages of IoT
15.How Does IoT Work?
16.Application of Internet of Things

Short notes for unit 2

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 12 Information Technology page. Open one at a time.

5Vs of Big DataReference tableVolume · Variety · Velocity · +2

Characteristic	Meaning
Volume	Huge size of data generated daily from various sources
Variety	Different forms: structured, unstructured, and semi-structured
Velocity	Speed at which data is generated in real-time
Veracity	Degree of reliability, accuracy, and trustworthiness of data
Value	Meaningful insights extracted from data for decisions

When you use it

Use when identifying or defining the five foundational characteristics of Big Data.

Watch out

Veracity refers to data trustworthiness and accuracy, whereas Value refers to the actionable insights extracted from that data.

Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 29-59, then checked twice before it went up

Cloud Computing Service ModelsReference tableSaaS (Software as a Service) · PaaS (Platform as a Service) · IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Service Model	Provided Layer	Examples
SaaS (Software as a Service)	Ready-to-use application software over Internet	Google Workspace, MS Office 365, Dropbox
PaaS (Platform as a Service)	Environment and tools to build, test, and host apps	Google App Engine, Windows Azure, Heroku
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)	Virtualized computing, storage, and networking resources	AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine

When you use it

Use when differentiating between SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS cloud delivery layers.

Watch out

PaaS provides tools and runtime environments for developers to build applications, while IaaS provides raw virtualized hardware and infrastructure.

Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 29-59, then checked twice before it went up

Cloud Deployment ModelsReference tablePublic Cloud · Private Cloud · Hybrid Cloud · +1

Deployment Model	Access and Ownership
Public Cloud	Shared infrastructure available to multiple clients over the Internet
Private Cloud	Dedicated entirely to a single organization for maximum security
Hybrid Cloud	Combination of both public and private cloud environments
Community Cloud	Shared by several distinct organizations with common goals

When you use it

Use when distinguishing how cloud infrastructure is shared, managed, and accessed.

Watch out

Community cloud serves multiple organizations with shared industry or security goals, whereas private cloud is dedicated exclusively to one single organization.

Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 29-59, then checked twice before it went up

Fog Computing versus Cloud ComputingRule

When you use it

Use when comparing centralized cloud storage and processing with localized edge computing.

Watch out

Fog computing does not replace cloud computing. It extends cloud capabilities by processing data closer to endpoints to reduce latency and bandwidth congestion.

Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 29-59, then checked twice before it went up

Four Core Components of IoTReference table1 · 2 · 3 · +1

Stage	Component	Role in IoT System
1	Sensors/Devices	Collect data such as temperature, motion, or smoke from the physical world
2	Connectivity	Transmits collected data to the cloud via Wi-Fi, cellular, satellite, or Ethernet
3	Data Processing	Processes and analyzes incoming sensor data to detect patterns or trigger rules
4	User Interface	Presents notifications to the user or enables automated and manual remote actions

When you use it

Use when explaining the end-to-end operational architecture of an Internet of Things system.

Watch out

Connectivity is the vital bridge between sensing and data processing. Without network transmission, local sensor readings cannot reach the processing layer.

Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 29-59, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 2

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

Which characteristic of Bigdata refers to the speed at which data is being created in real time?

A.Velocity
B.Volume
C.Variety
D.Veracity

Show the answer and why

Answer: A Velocity

Why

Velocity refers to the speed at which data is being generated and processed in real time. Volume refers to data size, Variety refers to different data formats, and Veracity refers to data reliability.

Question 2

Which type of cloud computing is a collaborative platform shared by several distinct organizations operating within the same industry with common concerns?

A.Public cloud
B.Private cloud
C.Hybrid cloud
D.Community cloud

Show the answer and why

Answer: D Community cloud

Why

A community cloud is a multi-tenant platform used by several distinct organizations within the same industry or field that share common concerns in security, compliance, and performance.

Question 3

An office in Addis Ababa uses Google Workspace and Microsoft Office 365 over the Internet through subscriptions. Which cloud computing service model are they using?

A.Software as a Service (SaaS)
B.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
C.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
D.Hardware as a Service (HaaS)

Show the answer and why

Answer: A Software as a Service (SaaS)

Why

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a model where applications are hosted by a provider and accessed over the Internet through subscriptions. Google Workspace and Microsoft Office 365 are key examples of SaaS.

Question 4

According to the textbook, which of the following is an example of an Internet of Things (IoT) application in a smart home?

A.Paper filing cabinets
B.Smoke detectors and smart thermostats
C.Manual typewriters
D.Offline chalkboards

Show the answer and why

Answer: B Smoke detectors and smart thermostats

Why

Smart home IoT devices include connected appliances such as smoke detectors, smart thermostats, light bulbs, and automated door locks.

Question 5

In the 5Vs of Bigdata, what does the term Veracity mean?

A.The massive volume of raw storage required
B.The variety of formats such as PDFs and videos
C.The degree of reliability that the data has to offer
D.The monetary price charged for network bandwidth

Show the answer and why

Answer: C The degree of reliability that the data has to offer

Why

Veracity means the degree of reliability and trustworthiness that the data offers for decision-making.

Question 6

Why does fog computing use fog nodes located closer to data sources at the edge instead of sending all requests to the central cloud?

A.To increase network congestion and bandwidth cost
B.To process data quicker locally and reduce latency
C.To eliminate all wireless sensors from the network
D.To prevent users from using mobile devices

Show the answer and why

Answer: B To process data quicker locally and reduce latency

Why

Fog computing brings computation closer to the data source using fog nodes. This allows data to be analyzed locally at the edge, reducing latency and network congestion.

Question 7

A company wants to control its IT infrastructure budget by paying only for the computing resources it actually uses. Which cloud benefit enables this?

A.Pay as you go model
B.Upfront hardware purchasing
C.Fixed annual equipment taxation
D.Mandatory server ownership

Show the answer and why

Answer: A Pay as you go model

Why

Cloud computing allows organizations to control costs through the Pay as you go model, meaning users only pay for the exact resources they consume rather than buying expensive physical servers.

Question 8

A complete Internet of Things (IoT) system integrates four fundamental components. Which of the following lists all four in correct order?

A.Sensors/devices, Connectivity, Data Processing, User Interface
B.Hard drives, Keyboards, Monitors, Printers
C.Database tables, SQL queries, Reports, Backups
D.Public cloud, Private cloud, Hybrid cloud, Community cloud

Show the answer and why

Answer: A Sensors/devices, Connectivity, Data Processing, User Interface

Why

The four components that make up a complete IoT system are: 1. Sensors/devices, 2. Connectivity, 3. Data Processing, and 4. User Interface.

Question 9

Ethiopian institutions like Ethiopian Airlines, Ethio Telecom, and local commercial banks utilize Bigdata. How does customer data analysis directly benefit these organizations?

A.It eliminates the need for telecommunication networks
B.It assists in customer acquisition, retention, and proper segmentation
C.It replaces digital storage systems with paper archives
D.It stops all data traffic during regular business hours

Show the answer and why

Answer: B It assists in customer acquisition, retention, and proper segmentation

Why

Analyzing Bigdata allows organizations to understand consumer trends, improve services, properly segment customer data, and boost customer acquisition and retention.

Question 10

A programmer needs a cloud environment that provides development tools, deployment, database management, and hosting without having to manage raw virtual machines. Which service model should they choose?

A.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
B.Platform as a Service (PaaS)
C.Storage as a Service (STaaS)
D.Desktop as a Service (DaaS)

Show the answer and why

Answer: B Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Why

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides developers with a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud (such as Google App Engine or Windows Azure) to build applications without managing infrastructure.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 2

Unit 2 runs from page 29 to page 59 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 210 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 12 Information Technology short notes

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