Unit notes and practice questions
Everything here is for unit 4 of the Grade 12 Information Technology textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.
The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 12 Information Technology page. Open one at a time.
When you use it
Reach for this card when debugging or correcting non-functional XML code snippets in exam questions.
Watch out
Common fatal errors include improperly nested overlapping tags, omitting quotes around attribute values, and having multiple root elements.
Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 100-134, then checked twice before it went up
| Entity Reference | Character | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| < | < | less than |
| > | > | greater than |
| & | & | ampersand |
| ' | ' | apostrophe |
| " | " | quotation mark |
When you use it
Use this table when reserved characters such as angle brackets or ampersands must appear inside XML element content.
Watch out
The characters < and & are strictly illegal inside XML character data and must always be replaced by < and &.
Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 100-134, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use these rules to construct valid XML documents and check for syntax compliance.
Watch out
XML element names cannot start with the letters XML or contain spaces, and tag names must match exact letter casing.
Drafted from Grade 12 Information Communication Technology, pages 100-134, then checked twice before it went up
9 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.
Question 1
What does the acronym XML stand for?
Answer: A Extensible Markup Language
Why
XML stands for Extensible Markup Language, which is used to structure, store, and transport data.
Question 2
Unlike HTML, which is used to display data, what is the primary purpose of XML?
Answer: B Storing and structuring data for exchange
Why
XML is designed to structure and store data for exchange across different platforms, rather than formatting how the information looks on a screen.
Question 3
Which file in a website root directory is returned by default by web servers if no specific page name is typed in the URL?
Answer: C index.html
Why
Web servers are configured by default to return the index.html home page if no specific file name is specified.
Question 4
Which top-level domain extension is used for government institutions, such as in moe.gov.et?
Answer: B .gov
Why
The domain extension .gov is reserved for government institutions.
Question 5
Which two characters are strictly illegal inside XML text data and must be replaced by entity references to avoid parser errors?
Answer: A < and &
Why
Only the characters < (less than) and & (ampersand) are strictly illegal in XML text because the parser interprets them as the start of a tag or entity.
Question 6
What does PCDATA stand for in an XML Document Type Definition (DTD)?
Answer: B Parsed Character DATA
Why
PCDATA stands for Parsed Character DATA, which is the text found between the start and end tags of an XML element.
Question 7
Why does an Ethiopian organization need an SSL Certificate when publishing a secure website with HTTPS?
Answer: B It encrypts data in transit between the visitor and the server to protect private information.
Why
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) provides a secure connection by encrypting information in transit to prevent unauthorized reading or interception.
Question 8
What technology serves as a style sheet to transform and render XML documents, just as CSS does for HTML?
Answer: A XSL
Why
XSL is a style sheet language for XML used to transform and render XML documents, similar to how CSS styles HTML.
Question 9
Which of the following correctly highlights a key difference between XML and HTML?
Answer: A XML is case-sensitive and preserves white-spaces, while HTML is case-insensitive and truncates multiple white-spaces.
Why
XML is case-sensitive and does not truncate multiple white-spaces, whereas HTML is case-insensitive and collapses multiple white-spaces to a single space.
Unit 4 runs from page 100 to page 134 of the Ministry of Education edition.
Ministry of Education edition, English, 210 pages
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