Grade 12 results are out. Where to check yours

Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 9 History unit 4

Everything here is for unit 4 of the Grade 9 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

Get it on Google Play
3
Cards
10
Practice questions on unit 4
66–84
The textbook pages for unit 4

What unit 4 covers

  1. 1.The Middle Ages in Europe
  2. 2.Dark Age
  3. 3.Feudal Society
  4. 4.Byzantine Empire
  5. 5.The Middle Ages in Asia
  6. 6.The Rise and Expansion of Islam
  7. 7.The Expansion of the Ottoman Empire
  8. 8.Dynastic Cycle in China
  9. 9.Development of Early Capitalism
  10. 10.The Age of Explorations and Discoveries
  11. 11.The Renaissance
  12. 12.The Reformation
  13. 13.Industrial Revolution

Short notes for unit 4

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 9 History page. Open one at a time.

YearEventHistorical Significance
622 ADHejira (Mecca to Medina)Beginning of the Islamic calendar
1054 ADGreat SchismOrthodox Church officially separated from Roman Catholic Church
1071 ADBattle of ManzikertByzantine Empire lost Asia Minor to Seljuk Turks
1453 ADFall of ConstantinopleOttomans captured Byzantine capital and renamed it Istanbul
1571 ADBattle of LepantoEuropean fleets ended Ottoman expansion in Europe
1648 ADPeace of WestphaliaEnded the Thirty Years War in Germany

When you use it

Use for chronology and significance questions covering Byzantine, Islamic, Ottoman, and European conflicts.

Watch out

The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453 (ending the Byzantine Empire), while the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 ended Ottoman naval expansion in Europe.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

ExplorerSponsoring CountryYearMajor Achievement
Christopher ColumbusSpain1492Reached America (the New World)
Vasco da GamaPortugal1498Discovered sea route to India and Far East
Ferdinand MagellanSpain1519-1522First circumnavigation of the world

When you use it

Use when matching European explorers to their sponsor nations, dates, and geographic discoveries.

Watch out

Christopher Columbus sailed under the Spanish flag despite being Italian, and he died without knowing he reached a new continent.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

LeaderRegionMovement or Church
Martin LutherGermanyStarted Protestant Reformation (1517)
Jean CalvinSwitzerland and FranceCalvinism (French followers called Huguenots)
John KnoxScotlandPresbyterian Church (1560)
King Henry VIIIEnglandAnglican Church
Ignatius LoyolaSpainSociety of Jesus (Jesuits, Catholic Counter-Reformation)

When you use it

Use to identify key leaders of Protestant movements, the countries they influenced, and Catholic Counter-Reformation institutions.

Watch out

Do not confuse French Calvinists (Huguenots) with Scottish Calvinists (Presbyterians).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 4

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

In medieval European feudal society, what was the basic socio-economic unit of organization?

  1. A.The Polis
  2. B.The Manor
  3. C.The Estate
  4. D.The Caliphate
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The Manor

Why

According to the textbook, the basic units of European feudalism were Manors (villages), where the manorial lord exercised power over the peasants.

Question 2

Which European explorer reached the Americas in 1492 while sailing in the service of Spain?

  1. A.Vasco da Gama
  2. B.Ferdinand Magellan
  3. C.Christopher Columbus
  4. D.Amerigo Vespucci
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Christopher Columbus

Why

Christopher Columbus was the first European explorer in this era to reach America in 1492 while serving Spain.

Question 3

In which year did Prophet Mohammed and his followers move from Mecca to Medina during the event known as the Hejira?

  1. A.622 AD
  2. B.610 AD
  3. C.500 AD
  4. D.1054 AD
Show the answer and why

Answer: A 622 AD

Why

In 622 AD, Prophet Mohammed and his followers traveled from Mecca to Medina (Hejira), marking the start of the Islamic calendar.

Question 4

Who led the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in Germany in 1517?

  1. A.John Knox
  2. B.Jean Calvin
  3. C.Ignatius Loyola
  4. D.Martin Luther
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Martin Luther

Why

The Reformation began in Germany in 1517 led by Martin Luther, leading to the rise of Protestantism.

Question 5

At which battle in 1071 did the Byzantine Empire suffer a heavy defeat, losing most of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks?

  1. A.The Battle of Lepanto
  2. B.The Battle of Manzikert
  3. C.The Battle of Adrianople
  4. D.The Siege of Vienna
Show the answer and why

Answer: B The Battle of Manzikert

Why

The Byzantine Empire suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 against the Seljuk Turks.

Question 6

In 1571, the naval expansion of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was halted after its defeat at which battle near Greece?

  1. A.The Battle of Lepanto
  2. B.The Battle of Manzikert
  3. C.The Battle of Salonika
  4. D.The Battle of Adrianople
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The Battle of Lepanto

Why

Turkish naval expansion in Europe was ended in 1571 when European fleets defeated the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto.

Question 7

Which Renaissance scientist from Poland stated that the Earth revolved around the Sun?

  1. A.Andreas Vesalius
  2. B.Dante Alighieri
  3. C.Nicholas Copernicus
  4. D.Thomas More
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Nicholas Copernicus

Why

The Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus declared that the Earth revolved around the Sun, changing the older belief that planets revolved around the Earth.

Question 8

During the Reformation, what were the followers of Calvinist Protestantism in France called?

  1. A.Presbyterians
  2. B.Huguenots
  3. C.Anglicans
  4. D.Jesuits
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Huguenots

Why

The textbook states that Calvinist followers in France were called Huguenots.

Question 9

In which years did James Watt improve the steam engine so it could operate all types of factory machinery?

  1. A.1698 to 1705
  2. B.1705 to 1711
  3. C.1782 to 1784
  4. D.1804 to 1812
Show the answer and why

Answer: C 1782 to 1784

Why

James Watt improved the steam engine between 1782 and 1784 and adapted it for operating machinery in factories.

Question 10

Which peace agreement ended the Thirty Years' War in Germany in 1648?

  1. A.The Peace of Westphalia
  2. B.The Treaty of Adrianople
  3. C.The Concordat of Worms
  4. D.The Council of Trent
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The Peace of Westphalia

Why

The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) in Germany in 1648.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 4

Unit 4 runs from page 66 to page 84 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 217 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 9 History short notes

Practise this unit in the app

Temari turns this chapter into timed practice and marks it as you go, with an AI tutor to explain anything that did not land.

Start free

Temari.et is also an Android app, free on Google Play.

Get it on Google PlayAbout the Temari app
Sign inCreate your account