Yaadannoo gabaabaa fi kaardii qayyabannaa bilisaa
Afaan Ingiliffaa kutaa 6 Temari irratti kaardii qayyabannaa 21 qaba; boqonnaawwan sirna barnoota biyyaalessaa Itoophiyaatiin qindaa'an. Kaardiin tokkoon tokkoon yeroo seerichi hojjetu, mallattoon isa keessa jiru maal bakka akka bu'u, akkasumas dogoggora barattoonni caalaatti irratti kufan ni ibsa. Bilisaan dubbifamu; herregas hin gaafatan.
Gosa kaardii tokko qofa agarsiisi
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo gaaffiin sochii waliigalaa, aadaa ykn yeroo meeqa akka wanni taʼu ibsu gaafatu kana fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Jechoota baay'ina yeroo akka always, usually, rarely, never gochaa gaggeessaa dura dhufu. Fakkeenyaaf 'I always call my mother' jedhi barreessi, 'I call always my mother' hin barreessin.
Grade 6 English, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo jechoota he, she ykn it barreessitan, ykn yeroo jechoota Simple Present dhorkaa ykn gaaffii taʼan barreessitan kana ilaali.
Of eeggadhu
Does ykn doesn't booda gochi ifa bu'aa -s hin fudhatu. 'She does not work' jedhi barreessi, 'She does not works' hin barreessin; 'Does she work?' jedhi gaafadhu, 'Does she works?' hin jedhin.
Grade 6 English, fuula 2-24 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Waan ammaa ykn boodaa ta'uu danda'u ibsitu, akka raajii qilleensaa keessatti, sirrummaa isaa agarsiisuuf yeroo fayyadamtu.
Of eeggadhu
May, might, could booda verb 1 bu'uuraa ni fudhatu. Akka fakkeenyaatti 'It might rain' jedhi; 'might rains' ykn 'might to rain' hin jedhin. May irratti amanamummaan 50% ni ta'a, might garuu xiqqoo gadi aanaa dha. Will garuu waan tokko akka ta'u hundaa-fi-hundaa ta'uu isaa ibsuuf fayyadama.
Grade 6 English, fuula 25-57 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo hojiin yeroo beekamu irratti jalqabamee xumurame, ykn aadaa darbe ibsitu yeroo barreessitu fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Gochaa addaa -ed hin dabalan: went, did, saw, built jedhaa barreessi malee goed ykn doed hin barreessin. Did ykn did not booda gochichi bu'uura isaa deebi'a: did not plough jedhi, did not ploughed hin jedhin.
Grade 6 English, fuula 25-57 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo iddoo tokko akkamitti akka geessan gaafatamanitti yookaan kaartaa irratti karaa ibsitan kana fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Gochaawwan 'to'fi 'you' hin dabaltuu (Go, Turn, Cross) jedhanii barreessaa; 'to go' yookaan 'You go' jechuun qabxii ni dhabdu.
Grade 6 English, fuula 58-90 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo gaaffiin seerri karaa murtaa'uu, dhorkamuu yookaan barbaachisaa miti yoo ta'e gaafatamu, kana fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Mustn't fi can't lafa lamaan dhorkama; don't have to garuu akka hin barbaachisne qofa agarsiisa. 'You don't have to stop at a red light' jechuun seerri jijjiirama.
Grade 6 English, fuula 58-90 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo jechoota lamaan yookaan lama caalaa ni bira'anii, -er/-est yookaan more/most gidduu filachuu qabdan kana fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Mallattoo lama bifa tokko irratti hin barreessin; fakkeenyaaf 'more bigger' yookaan 'most fiercest' hin jedhin. Dura ol-aanaa 'the' kaa'i, booda dabalataa 'than' fayyadami.
Grade 6 English, fuula 91-112 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Bu'uuraa | Bifa dabalataa | Bifa ol-aanaa |
|---|---|---|
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| little | less | least |
| far | farther | farthest |
| much | more | most |
| many | more | most |
| late | later/latter | last/latest |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo bifa akka good, bad ykn far walbira qabuuf fayyadamtan, tarree kana ilaalaa; sababni isaas isaan seera -er/-est hin hordofne.
Of eeggadhu
Good, bad ykn far irraa foormii seera hordofu hin uumin: 'gooder', 'badder' fi 'more good' dogoggora. Maqaa lakkaa'amuu danda'u irratti 'fewer', maqaa lakkaa'amuu hin dandeenye irratti 'less' fayyadami.
Grade 6 English, fuula 91-112 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo jumlli have ykn has past participle wajjin barbaadu, ykn present perfect fi simple past gidduu filachuu qabdan kana fayyadami.
Of eeggadhu
Yeroo xumurame akka 'yesterday' ykn 'an hour ago' present perfect wajjin hin kaa'in. 'I have finished the job yesterday' dogoggora; 'I finished the job yesterday' barreessi.
Grade 6 English, fuula 91-112 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Waa'ee dhiibbaa badaa haala cuuphaa irratti dubbii ykn marii yeroo taphattan ykn barreessitan yaada namaa gaafattanii ykn kan keessan kennitan kana fayyadamaa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 136-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo jumlli active yeroo itti fufaa ammaa ta'e, akka 'Anteneh is washing the car', gara passive barreessuuf kana fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Caasaan is/am/are + being + past participle dha. Dhoksaa keessatti 'not' gidduu is/am/are fi 'being' kaa'i, fkn 'A story is not being written by her'. 'being' hin dhiisin.
Grade 6 English, fuula 136-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo jumlli active yeroo ammaa salphaa ta'e, akka 'She writes a story', gara passive jijjiiruuf kana fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Jecha is/am/are booda past participle barreessi; fkn 'A story is written by her', 'write' miti. Object jumla active keessaa subject passive ta'a, kanaaf 'a story' jalqabatti ni dhufa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 136-152 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo yaada keessan lamaan yookaan kutaa keessatti dhiyeessitan, yookaan jechi hiriyaa keessanii deebiftan jechoota kanneen fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
'I totally disagree' jechi cimaa waan ta'eef hiriyaa kutaa keessanii waliin yeroo jettan akka hin kabajamne ta'a. Jalqabatti 'I'm afraid I disagree' yookaan 'I don't think so' fayyadamaa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 153-179 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Jechi | Hiika |
|---|---|
| idle | hojjechuu yookaan hojii rakkoo barbaachisu hojjechuuf fedhii kan hin qabne |
| procrastinate | waan tokko hanga booda yeroo dhaabuu |
| distraction | waan namni tokko xiyyeeffannaa isaa kan jijjiiru |
| optimal | kan ol-aanaa yookaan kan mijaa'aa ta'e |
| pays off | fayidaa tokko kan fidu |
| distressed | kan baay'ee gaddeessu, yaaddessu yookaan kan rifate |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Jechoota kana dhageettii yookaan dubbisa hojii ciminaa keessatti yeroo argitan hiika isaanii ibsa keessatti beekuuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
'pays off' jechi kun fayidaa fida jechuu malee wanni tokko kaffalama jechuu akka hin taane hubadhaa, hiika kutaa kanaa qofaa fayyadamaa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 153-179 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Gochaan tokko gochaa darbe biraa dura akka xumurame, yookaan yeroo addaa darbe dura akka xumurame yoo ibsitan yeroo darbe guutuu fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Gochaa lamaan yeroo darbe salphaa qofaan hin barreessinaa. Gochaa dursee xumurame had fi past participle fayyadamuun barreessaa, fakkeenyaaf 'When he woke up, his mother had already prepared breakfast'.
Grade 6 English, fuula 153-179 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo bu'aan wanta tokkoo irratti hundaa'e, yookaan wanta gara fuulduraa dhufuu danda'u ibsitu ni fayyadamta. Fakkeenya: 'If I study hard, I will pass the exams'.
Of eeggadhu
Kutaa if keessatti will hin barreessin. 'If it rains' jedhi barreessaa, 'If it will rain' hin jedhin. Kutaa bu'aa keessatti will fi gochaa bu'uuraa fayyadami. Kutaan if jalqabaa yoo ta'e koma irratti qooddi.
Grade 6 English, fuula 180-199 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo gorsa gaafattan, gorsa kennitan ykn kabajaan gorsa kennuu diddan haasaa ykn walsii'iinsa keessatti ni fayyadamtu.
Of eeggadhu
'If I were you' jechuun booda kutaa bu'aa would barreessaa, will utuu hin taane. 'I advise you to' booda to wajjin gochaa bu'uuraa barreessaa. 'You'd better' booda to hin oolu, gochaa bu'uuraa qofa barreessaa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 180-199 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
| Jechi | Hiika |
|---|---|
| encounter | rakkoo ulfaataa irratti mudachuu |
| bite | ilkaan ykn qaaqqeen gogaa namaa ykn bineensaa cabsuu ykn tutuu |
| consequence | wanta sababa tokkoon dhufu, bu'aa |
| deficient | hanqaa qabu, gahaa hin taane |
| hazardous | balaa fiduu danda'u |
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo gaaffiin hiika jechaa dhimma boqonnaa kanaa kaa'amu, tarree kana fayyadami.
Grade 6 English, fuula 180-199 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo haala hin mul'anne ykn hin taane fi bu'aa isaa ibsitu fayyadami. Fakkeenyaaf, If I were rich, I would never work again.
Of eeggadhu
Kutaa if keessatti simple past fayyadami, kutaa bu'aa keessatti would + gochaa (to malee) barreessi. Kutaa if keessatti would hin fayyadamin; fakkeenyaaf 'If he called' jedhii barreessi, 'If he would call' hin jedhin. Kitaabichi 'were' gara 'was' ta'uu akka danda'u ibsa.
Grade 6 English, fuula 200-222 irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Yeroo wantoota darbaniif hin raawwatamne ibsitan, yookaan gadda ykn komii waa'ee isaanii ibsitan fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Deebiin Gosa III would have + past participle fudhata (fkn 'would have passed'), 'would pass' hin barreessin. Jechi 'if' booda had + past participle ta'uu qaba, past sadarkaa simple hin ta'in.
Grade 6 English, fuula 223 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Yoom akka itti fayyadamtu
Barsiisaan keessan paragraafii gabaabaa waa'ee bilbila sakataa'aa akka barreessitan yeroo gaafatan, deebii jumlaa guutuu kee walitti hidhuuf fayyadamaa.
Of eeggadhu
Deebii gaaffilee hundaa jumla guutuudhaan deebisaa; jechi tokko qofaa deebii guutuu hin ta'u.
Grade 6 English, fuula 223 irraa eegalee irraa qophaa'e; osoo hin ba'in dura yeroo lama mirkanaa'e
Kitaaba barataa sirna barnootaa haaraa, PDF bilisaan. Kaardiileen fuula kanaa boqonnaalee isaa hordofu.
Maxxansa Ministeera Barnootaa, Ingiliffaa
Fuula 249
Gaaffii qormaata biyyaalessaa waggoota darbanii dhugaa, tokkoon tokkoon isaaniis deebii hojjetame qabu.
Qormaanni waan kutaan gadii barsiise gaafachuu hin dhiisu. Kaardiiwwan kutaawwan sanaas as jiru.
Kutaa kana keessaa wanti hanga ammaatti kaardii qabu hundi.
Temari kaardiiwwan kana gara gaaffii shaakalaatti jijjiira; utuu hojjettuu ni sirreessa; wanti si hin galinis barsiisaa AI tiin ni ibsama.
Bilisaan jalqabi