Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 10 History unit 6: The Collapse of the Soviet Union

Everything here is for unit 6 of the Grade 10 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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Cards: 10
Practice questions on unit 6: 144–169
The textbook pages for unit 6

What unit 6 covers

1.Major Administrative Reforms and Socio-Economic
2.External Influences
3.Administrative Reforms
4.The 1955 Constitution
5.Agriculture, Land Tenure and Tenancy
6.Early Opposition Movements against the Imperial Rule
7.Peasant Revolts
8.The Ethiopian Student Movement
9.The Ethiopian Revolution and the Fall of the Monarchy
10.Deposition of the Emperor and Emergence of the Derg
11.Socio-Economic and Political Reforms of the Derg
12.The Question of Eritrea & the Armed Struggle up to Referendum

Short notes for unit 6

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 10 History page. Open one at a time.

Anglo-Ethiopian Treaties of 1942 and 1944Reference tableFirst Treaty (31 January 1942) · Second Treaty (December 1944)

Treaty and Date	Key Provisions	Impact on Sovereignty
First Treaty (31 January 1942)	British control of army, police, finance, OETA (Ogaden and Eritrea), and East African Shilling currency	Recognized independence formally but severely restricted national sovereignty
Second Treaty (December 1944)	BMME established to train army, diplomatic priority of British minister lifted, railway access restored	Restored a relatively greater margin of independence to Ethiopia

When you use it

Use when comparing the two post-liberation agreements signed between Ethiopia and Great Britain regarding sovereignty and administration.

Watch out

Do not confuse the two treaties: the 1942 treaty established comprehensive British administrative control, whereas the 1944 treaty lifted diplomatic privileges and created BMME.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 139-170, then checked twice before it went up

Chronology and Radical Reforms of the DergReference table12 September 1974 · December 1974 · March 1975 · +3

Date or Period	Key Event or Policy	Historical Significance
12 September 1974	Deposition of Emperor Haile Selassie	Monarchy overthrown; PMAC established under Aman Andom
December 1974	Development through Cooperation Campaign (Edget Behebret)	Over 60,000 campaigners sent for literacy and socialist orientation
March 1975	Land Reform Proclamation	Nationalized all rural land, abolished feudal relations, established peasant associations
26 July 1975	Urban Land and Extra Houses Proclamation	Nationalized urban land and houses, established urban kebeles
1976 to 1978	Red Terror Campaign	Violent state campaign targeting EPRP and suspected political opponents
28 May 1991	Fall of the Derg	EPRDF forces took Addis Ababa, ending military rule

When you use it

Use when ordering key events, proclamations, and political transitions in Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991.

Watch out

Rural land was nationalized in March 1975, while urban land and extra houses were nationalized in a separate proclamation on 26 July 1975.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 139-170, then checked twice before it went up

Major Peasant Revolts Against the Imperial RegimeReference tableWoyyane (Tigray) · Bale Peasant Revolt · Gojjam Peasant Revolt

Revolt	Period	Leadership	Primary Causes
Woyyane (Tigray)	1943	Blatta Haile Mariam Reda	Centralization threats to pastoralists, feudal exploitation, and excessive official demands
Bale Peasant Revolt	1963 to 1970	General Waqo Gutu	Land alienation, taxation, religious discrimination, and administrative corruption
Gojjam Peasant Revolt	1968	Gojjam peasants	Introduction of the 1967 agricultural income tax and arrival of tax assessors

When you use it

Use when identifying the locations, leaders, dates, and causes of rural armed uprisings under Emperor Haile Selassie.

Watch out

The Gojjam revolt of 1968 was directly triggered by the 1967 agricultural income tax, whereas the Bale revolt was sparked primarily by land alienation and religious tensions.

Drafted from Grade 10 History, pages 139-170, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 6

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

Who led the 1943 Woyyane peasant revolt in Tigray against the imperial government?

A.General Jagema Kello
B.Bilata Haile Mariam Reda
C.Waqo Gutu
D.Germame Neway

Show the answer and why

Answer: B Bilata Haile Mariam Reda

Why

The 1943 Woyyane uprising in Tigray was led by Bilata Haile Mariam Reda, uniting semi-pastoralists, peasants, and local lords.

Question 2

What was the famous slogan of the Ethiopian student movement in the mid-1960s demanding the abolition of feudal land tenure?

A.Ethiopia Tikdem
B.Edget Behebret
C.Land to the Tiller
D.Operation Red Star

Show the answer and why

Answer: C Land to the Tiller

Why

Ethiopian students rallied under the famous slogan Meret Learashu, which translates to Land to the Tiller.

Question 3

Under the first Anglo-Ethiopian treaty signed in January 1942, which currency became the official monetary unit in Ethiopia?

A.The Ethiopian Birr
B.The British East African Shilling
C.The US Dollar
D.The Maria Theresa Thaler

Show the answer and why

Answer: B The British East African Shilling

Why

The 1942 Anglo-Ethiopian agreement established the British East African Shilling as the official monetary unit of Ethiopia.

Question 4

Under the 1953 Ethio-American Treaty, what was the name of the military communication base in Asmara operated by the United States?

A.Kagnew station
B.Radio Marina
C.Point Four Base
D.MAAG Headquarters

Show the answer and why

Answer: A Kagnew station

Why

The communication facility in Asmara, formerly called Radio Marina by the Italians, was renamed Kagnew station after the Ethiopian battalion in the Korean War.

Question 5

Under the imperial qalad system of land measurement, how was measured land classified based on fertility?

A.Rist, Gult, and Rist-Gult
B.Lam, lam-taf, and taf
C.Awraja, wereda, and mikitil wereda
D.Chisegna, gabbar, and gibr

Show the answer and why

Answer: B Lam, lam-taf, and taf

Why

Measured land was divided into three fertility grades: lam (fertile), lam-taf (semi-fertile), and taf (unfertile).

Question 6

Whom did the leaders of the 1960 coup d'etat designate as a salaried constitutional monarch?

A.Ras Emeru Haile Selassie
B.General Mulugeta Buli
C.Asfawosen Haile Selassie
D.Lij Michael Emiru

Show the answer and why

Answer: C Asfawosen Haile Selassie

Why

The coup leaders appointed the Emperor's son, Asfawosen Haile Selassie, as head of state and constitutional monarch, while Ras Emeru was designated prime minister.

Question 7

What government measure triggered the 1968 peasant rebellion in Gojjam?

A.The introduction of the 1967 agricultural income tax
B.The settlement of foreign Christian farmers
C.The abolishment of the Rist system
D.The nationalization of extra urban houses

Show the answer and why

Answer: A The introduction of the 1967 agricultural income tax

Why

The 1968 Gojjam uprising was sparked when the imperial government attempted to assess and collect the newly introduced 1967 agricultural income tax.

Question 8

Who served as the first chairman of the Provisional Military Administration Council (PMAC) after Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed in September 1974?

A.Brigadier General Tafari Benti
B.Major Mengistu Haile Mariam
C.Lieutenant General Aman Michael Andom
D.Major Atnafu Abate

Show the answer and why

Answer: C Lieutenant General Aman Michael Andom

Why

Lieutenant General Aman Michael Andom was appointed the first chairman of the PMAC (Derg) in September 1974.

Question 9

Which post-World War II Eritrean political party campaigned for the independence of Eritrea united with Tigray?

A.The Unionist Party
B.The Muslim League
C.The Liberal Progressive Party
D.The Pro-Italian Party

Show the answer and why

Answer: C The Liberal Progressive Party

Why

The Liberal Progressive Party was formed under British influence and campaigned for an independent state uniting Eritrea with Tigray.

Question 10

When Emperor Haile Selassie reorganized Ethiopia into twelve governorate-generals (taqlaygezats) in 1942, what title was given to the ruler of each province?