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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 11 Information Technology unit 2: Emerging Technologies

Everything here is for unit 2 of the Grade 11 Information Technology textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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3
Cards
10
Practice questions on unit 2
28–50
The textbook pages for unit 2

What unit 2 covers

  1. 1.Artificial Intelligence
  2. 2.Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
  3. 3.Data Science

Short notes for unit 2

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 11 Information Technology page. Open one at a time.

BranchCore FocusApplication Examples
Machine LearningAlgorithms learning from sample data without explicit programmingFraud detection, spam filtering, recommendation systems
RoboticsMachines substituting physical human labor and hazardous tasksCar assembly lines, vacuum cleaners, space exploration
Natural Language ProcessingEnabling computers to understand spoken and written human languageVirtual assistants, machine translation, sentiment analysis
Expert SystemsSoftware programs emulating human experts to solve domain problemsMedical diagnosis (MYCIN), financial investment analysis

When you use it

Use to categorize AI technologies into their specific subfields and match them with real-world applications.

Watch out

Do not treat Machine Learning as conventional programming; it trains on data patterns rather than executing hard-coded step-by-step instructions.

Drafted from Grade 11 Information Communication Technology, pages 28-50, then checked twice before it went up

ComponentRole and Description
User InterfaceAccepts queries from users and displays recommendations
Knowledge BaseStores expert domain knowledge organized in if-then-else rules
Inference EngineActs as the brain to reason and deduce answers using the knowledge base

When you use it

Use when identifying the three core structural components of an expert system and their specific functions.

Watch out

The inference engine derives conclusions, but it relies entirely on the quality and completeness of the rules stored in the knowledge base.

Drafted from Grade 11 Information Communication Technology, pages 28-50, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Review when answering questions about user interaction modes, sensory simulation, and display hardware.

Watch out

Students often claim VR displays information over the real world. In fact, VR shuts out the physical world completely, while AR overlays digital graphics onto the physical world.

Drafted from Grade 11 Information Communication Technology, pages 28-50, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 2

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

Which statement best defines Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

  1. A.A method of storing large files on cloud servers
  2. B.A branch of computer science that designs systems that mimic human intelligence
  3. C.A network of devices that exchange data without human help
  4. D.A computer program that prints reports
Show the answer and why

Answer: B A branch of computer science that designs systems that mimic human intelligence

Why

The textbook defines AI as a branch of computer science that deals with the design of systems that mimic human intelligence. Option B uses the same idea. The other options describe storage, IoT, or simple printing.

Question 2

A robot vacuum cleaner that sweeps carpets and cleans floors without human intervention is an example of which branch of AI?

  1. A.Robotics
  2. B.Natural Language Processing
  3. C.Expert Systems
  4. D.Machine Learning
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Robotics

Why

Robotics is the study of machines called robots that do tasks traditionally done by human beings. The textbook uses the robot vacuum cleaner as a well-known example of robots in homes.

Question 3

Big data is characterized by which three things?

  1. A.Speed, cost and safety
  2. B.Volume, value and veracity
  3. C.Volume, variety and velocity
  4. D.Location, language and layout
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Volume, variety and velocity

Why

The textbook says big data is characterized by volume, variety, and velocity. Learn these three words together.

Question 4

Which robot does NASA use to work on the International Space Station?

  1. A.Alexa
  2. B.Siri
  3. C.MYCIN
  4. D.Robonaut
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Robonaut

Why

The unit says that NASA uses a robot known as Robonaut to work on the International Space Station. Alexa and Siri are virtual assistants, and MYCIN is an expert system for infectious diseases.

Question 5

A bank in Addis Ababa trains a model on past card transactions. The model then flags unusual payments as possible fraud. Which branch of AI is this?

  1. A.Machine Learning
  2. B.Robotics
  3. C.Natural Language Processing
  4. D.Expert Systems
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Machine Learning

Why

Machine learning algorithms train on sample data and build a model that makes predictions. The textbook lists fraud detection as an example of machine learning.

Question 6

A company studies what customers write on social media to learn whether people feel positive, negative or neutral about its product. Which NLP application is this?

  1. A.Spam Detection
  2. B.Sentiment Analysis
  3. C.Machine Translation
  4. D.Text Summarization
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Sentiment Analysis

Why

Sentiment analysis uses NLP to find users' opinions, which can be negative, positive, or neutral, from their data on social media.

Question 7

In an expert system, which component produces the answer by referring to the knowledge base?

  1. A.User Interface
  2. B.Knowledge Base
  3. C.Inference Engine
  4. D.Virtual Assistant
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Inference Engine

Why

The inference engine is the brain of the expert system. It produces the answer by referencing the knowledge base. The user interface accepts queries and shows recommendations, and the knowledge base stores the experts' knowledge.

Question 8

Which statement correctly describes the difference between Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)?

  1. A.VR works in a real-world setting and is partially immersive.
  2. B.AR creates a completely immersive experience for the user.
  3. C.VR users can control their presence in the real world.
  4. D.AR works in a real-world setting and is partially immersive.
Show the answer and why

Answer: D AR works in a real-world setting and is partially immersive.

Why

AR works in a real-world setting and is partially immersive. VR operates in a completely virtual world and is fully immersive. The other options swap the two technologies or are wrong.

Question 9

A student in Lalibela points a smartphone camera at an old church. Extra information appears on the screen, placed over the real building. Which technology is this?

  1. A.Virtual Reality
  2. B.Augmented Reality
  3. C.Robotics
  4. D.Expert Systems
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Augmented Reality

Why

AR enhances the real world by overlaying computer-generated digital data on real-world objects. The camera captures the real object, and the extra information is placed over it. The textbook also says AR can run on familiar devices such as smartphones.

Question 10

Which statement about Virtual Reality (VR) is true?

  1. A.VR uses sensors to respond to the user's movements and adjust views in real time.
  2. B.VR overlays digital data on real objects seen through a camera.
  3. C.VR can be used without any headset or device.
  4. D.VR does not allow users to touch virtual objects.
Show the answer and why

Answer: A VR uses sensors to respond to the user's movements and adjust views in real time.

Why

The textbook says that a VR environment uses sensors to respond to the user's movements and adjust views and perspectives in real time. Overlaying data on real objects describes AR, not VR. VR needs devices such as goggles or headsets, and data gloves let users touch virtual objects.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 2

Unit 2 runs from page 28 to page 50 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 170 pages

Download the PDF

All Grade 11 Information Technology short notes

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