Unit notes and practice questions
Everything here is for unit 7 of the Grade 12 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.
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A short video lesson on this chapter, made by Temari. It loads only when you press play.
Casablanca, Monrovia and the birth of the OAU · 4 min · 2 past exam questions worked through
Tap a part to play the lesson from there.
The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 12 History page. Open one at a time.
When you use it
Use this when a question asks why almost all French West African colonies chose to stay tied to France in 1958, or what happened to Guinea after its No vote.
Watch out
Guinea was the only colony to vote No. Do not write that all French West African colonies became independent in 1958: the others became autonomous within the French Community and gained full independence only by November 1960.
Drafted from Grade 12 History, pages 209-240, then checked twice before it went up
| Group | Position on political union | Member states |
|---|---|---|
| Casablanca group | Immediate political union of African states through federation | Ghana, Algeria, Guinea, Morocco, Egypt, Mali, Libya |
| Monrovian group | First economic integration, then gradual step by step political integration | Ethiopia, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Tunisia, Congo Kinshasa, Somalia |
When you use it
Use this when a question asks how the Casablanca and Monrovian groups differed over African unity before the OAU was founded in 1963.
Watch out
Ethiopia belonged to the Monrovian group, not the Casablanca group. Haile Selassie invited both blocs to Addis Ababa, but that does not make Ethiopia a Casablanca member.
Drafted from Grade 12 History, pages 209-240, then checked twice before it went up
10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.
Question 1
Which French West African colony was the only one to vote "No" in the 1958 referendum and gain immediate independence?
Answer: C Guinea
Why
In the 1958 referendum under General Charles de Gaulle, only Guinea led by Sekou Toure voted "No" and achieved immediate independence outside the French Community.
Question 2
In which city was the Organization of African Unity (OAU) founded in May 1963 by thirty-two independent African nations?
Answer: B Addis Ababa
Why
The OAU was founded in May 1963 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which became the permanent headquarters of the continental organization.
Question 3
What was the name of the March 21, 1960 incident where South African police killed 69 peaceful demonstrators protesting against apartheid laws?
Answer: B Sharpeville Massacre
Why
The Sharpeville Massacre took place on March 21, 1960, near Johannesburg, where police shot and killed 69 peaceful anti-apartheid demonstrators.
Question 4
Who is described in the textbook as the "Father of Pan-Africanism"?
Answer: D Dr. William Du Bois
Why
Dr. William Du Bois, an African-American scholar and writer who organized and promoted Pan-African ideas, is known as the Father of Pan-Africanism.
Question 5
Which peace agreement, signed on March 18, 1962, brought an end to the Algerian War of Independence between France and the FLN?
Answer: A The Evian Agreement
Why
The Evian Agreement was signed on March 18, 1962, by the French government and the National Liberation Front (FLN), leading directly to Algerian independence in July 1962.
Question 6
What was the primary goal of the "Operation Feed Yourself" program launched in Ghana by Colonel Ignatius Acheampong?
Answer: C Reducing Ghana's dependence on expensive food imports
Why
After taking power in 1972, Colonel Acheampong introduced "Operation Feed Yourself" to encourage local agricultural production and reduce Ghana's reliance on costly imported food.
Question 7
During the Cold War rivalry in the Horn of Africa, which two strategic naval bases were provided to the Soviet Union by Somalia and Ethiopia, respectively?
Answer: B Berbera and Dahlak
Why
The Soviet Union gained access to naval bases at Berbera in Somalia (before being expelled in 1977) and later at the Dahlak islands in Ethiopia.
Question 8
How did the Casablanca group and the Monrovia group differ regarding African unity before 1963?
Answer: A Casablanca favored immediate political federation, while Monrovia favored economic integration first followed by gradual political unity.
Why
The Casablanca bloc advocated for immediate continental political federation, whereas the Monrovia bloc favored step-by-step economic integration leading gradually to political unity.
Question 9
Which 1953 law in South Africa stopped black students from attending missionary schools and introduced a segregated curriculum intended to teach white supremacy?
Answer: C The Bantu Education Act
Why
The Bantu Education Act of 1953 barred black South Africans from attending mission schools and established state-controlled schooling designed to keep black citizens subordinate.
Question 10
Who led the Mozambican liberation movement (FRELIMO) from its formation until his assassination in 1969, after which Samora Machel took leadership?
Answer: A Eduardo Mondlane
Why
Eduardo Mondlane led FRELIMO in the armed struggle against Portuguese colonial rule until he was killed in 1969, and Samora Machel succeeded him as leader.
The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.
Unit 7 runs from page 209 to page 240 of the Ministry of Education edition.
Ministry of Education edition, English, 290 pages
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