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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 12 History unit 8: Post 1991 Developments in Ethiopia

Everything here is for unit 8 of the Grade 12 History textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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Cards
10
Practice questions on unit 8
241–253
The textbook pages for unit 8

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The Temari lesson on unit 8

A short video lesson on this chapter, made by Temari. It loads only when you press play.

Five elections under the EPRDF · 4 min · 2 past exam questions worked through

Parts of the lesson

Tap a part to play the lesson from there.

Short notes for unit 8

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 12 History page. Open one at a time.

DateEvent
6 May 1998Eritrean forces attack the disputed territory of Badme.
13 May 1998Ethiopian forces launch a counteroffensive.
22 Feb 1999Ethiopia launches Operation Sunset to restore Badme.
25 May 1999Ethiopia declares the war over.
18 June 2000Prime Minister Meles Zenawi and President Isaias Afewerki agree to the Algiers Agreement and binding arbitration.
12 Dec 2000The peace agreement is signed by the two governments.
13 Apr 2002The Boundary Commission issues its verdict and awards Badme to Eritrea.

When you use it

Use this when a question asks for the sequence of events in the Ethio-Eritrean war of the 1990s or the dates of the peace agreements and the boundary verdict.

Watch out

Do not write that the Algiers Agreement or the 2002 boundary verdict brought peace. The chapter says neither did, and the two countries stayed in a state of no peace, no war for over a decade.

Drafted from Grade 12 History, pages 241-253, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 8

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

Who was the first elected President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) after the endorsement of the 1995 Constitution?

  1. A.Dr. Negaso Gidada
  2. B.Ato Meles Zenawi
  3. C.Dr. Abiy Ahmed
  4. D.Mengistu Haile Mariam
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Dr. Negaso Gidada

Why

Dr. Negaso Gidada, a member of the OPDO, became the first elected president of the FDRE, while Ato Meles Zenawi became the first Prime Minister.

Question 2

In which year did Prime Minister Meles Zenawi lay the foundation stone for the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)?

  1. A.1995
  2. B.2005
  3. C.2011
  4. D.2015
Show the answer and why

Answer: C 2011

Why

In 2011, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi laid the foundation stone for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile.

Question 3

What was the name of the Ethiopian military counter-offensive launched in February 1999 to recapture Badme during the Ethio-Eritrean War?

  1. A.Operation Sunset
  2. B.Operation Sunrise
  3. C.Operation Badme
  4. D.Operation Red Star
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Operation Sunset

Why

On 22 February 1999, Ethiopia launched a major military offensive known as Operation Sunset to regain control of Badme.

Question 4

According to Article 39 of the 1995 FDRE Constitution, what right is granted to every Ethiopian nation, nationality, and people?

  1. A.The unconditional right to self-determination
  2. B.The right to privately own and sell land
  3. C.Exemption from national taxation
  4. D.The right to maintain independent standing armies
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The unconditional right to self-determination

Why

Article 39 clearly states that every Ethiopian nation, nationality, and people has an unconditional right to self-determination, including self-government and secession.

Question 5

Under the 1959 colonial-era treaty on the utilization of the Nile waters, how much water was apportioned annually to Egypt and Sudan?

  1. A.55.5 billion cubic meters to Egypt and 18.5 billion cubic meters to Sudan
  2. B.85.0 billion cubic meters to Egypt and 15.0 billion cubic meters to Sudan
  3. C.65.5 billion cubic meters to Egypt and 25.5 billion cubic meters to Sudan
  4. D.45.0 billion cubic meters to Egypt and 35.0 billion cubic meters to Sudan
Show the answer and why

Answer: A 55.5 billion cubic meters to Egypt and 18.5 billion cubic meters to Sudan

Why

The 1959 agreement gave Egypt 55.5 billion cubic meters per year and Sudan 18.5 billion cubic meters per year, completely excluding Ethiopia.

Question 6

In the 2005 Ethiopian national elections, how many federal parliamentary seats in Addis Ababa were won by the Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD)?

  1. A.All 23 seats
  2. B.12 seats
  3. C.180 seats
  4. D.8 seats
Show the answer and why

Answer: A All 23 seats

Why

In the May 2005 parliamentary elections, the opposition Coalition for Unity and Democracy won all 23 federal parliamentary seats in Addis Ababa.

Question 7

What was the name of the main economic development strategy released by the EPRDF government in 1995?

  1. A.Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI)
  2. B.Universal Free Market Transformation (UFMT)
  3. C.Socialist Planned Industrial Program (SPIP)
  4. D.National Growth and Export Strategy (NGES)
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI)

Why

The EPRDF vision of development was based on Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI), prioritizing infrastructure and agriculture.

Question 8

What was the name of the major rural electrification program introduced by the Ethiopian government to expand electric power access?

  1. A.Universal Electrification Access Program (UEAP)
  2. B.Rural Grid Extension Program (RGEP)
  3. C.National Power Supply Initiative (NPSI)
  4. D.Agricultural Power Development Project (APDP)
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Universal Electrification Access Program (UEAP)

Why

The Universal Electrification Access Program (UEAP) was the government program designed to bring electric power to rural areas across Ethiopia.

Question 9

During the Transitional Period (1991 to 1995), how many ethnic- and language-based regions were established to replace the old geographic provinces?

  1. A.14 regions
  2. B.9 regions
  3. C.12 regions
  4. D.7 regions
Show the answer and why

Answer: A 14 regions

Why

The Transitional Government set up fourteen language- and ethnic-based regions to replace the previous fourteen geographic-based provinces.

Question 10

In which year was the question of the right of nations and nationalities to self-determination first raised by the Ethiopian student movement?

  1. A.1969
  2. B.1974
  3. C.1987
  4. D.1991
Show the answer and why

Answer: A 1969

Why

According to the textbook, the question of nations and nationalities having the right to self-determination was first echoed in 1969 by the Ethiopian student movement.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 8

Unit 8 runs from page 241 to page 253 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 290 pages

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All Grade 12 History short notes

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