Unit notes and practice questions
Everything here is for unit 7 of the Grade 9 Geography textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.
The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 9 Geography page. Open one at a time.
When you use it
Use when defining or selecting tree planting strategies to mitigate deforestation and soil degradation.
Watch out
Do not treat the two terms as interchangeable. Reforestation is planting trees on areas that were previously forested, whereas afforestation is establishing new forest on bare land not formerly covered by trees.
Drafted from Grade 9 Geography, pages 186-201, then checked twice before it went up
| Conservation Practice | Mechanism and Definition |
|---|---|
| Terracing | Building level surfaces at right angles to the slope to retain water and reduce erosion |
| Strip cultivation | Planting different crops in alternating strips to retain water and soil |
| Intercropping | Growing two or more crops on the same field simultaneously to prevent bare soil exposure |
| Contour ploughing | Ploughing across slopes rather than up and down to create barriers against runoff |
| Check dams | Constructing small barriers across drainage channels to reduce runoff velocity |
When you use it
Use when identifying or comparing mechanical and agronomic measures used to control soil erosion in Ethiopia.
Watch out
Do not confuse contour ploughing with terracing. Contour ploughing is tilling across the slope, while terracing physically cuts steps or level benches into the slope.
Drafted from Grade 9 Geography, pages 186-201, then checked twice before it went up
| Feature | Key Facts and Strategic Targets |
|---|---|
| Initiative launch | Launched in 2019 by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed |
| Seedling target | Plant 20 billion seedlings over four years (2020 to 2023) |
| Post planting care | Watering, weeding, and replacement planting to ensure seedling survival |
| Guiding frameworks | CRGE Strategy, Ten-Year National Forest Sector Development Program, Bamboo Development Strategy |
| Core goals | Combat climate change, prevent desertification, enhance food security, build climate resilient green economy |
When you use it
Use when summarizing the timeline, scale, components, and policy frameworks of Ethiopia's national tree planting movement.
Watch out
The initiative includes post-planting care such as weeding, watering, and replacement planting, rather than just planting seedlings.
Drafted from Grade 9 Geography, pages 186-201, then checked twice before it went up
10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.
Question 1
According to the textbook, which natural agent is the most serious cause of soil erosion in Ethiopia?
Answer: B Running water
Why
Erosion by running water is identified as the most serious soil degradation problem in Ethiopia.
Question 2
What is the term for planting trees on land that was not formerly covered with forest?
Answer: C Afforestation
Why
Afforestation means planting trees on land that was not previously forested, while reforestation is planting trees on land that was previously forested.
Question 3
Ethiopia is the second richest country in Africa in water-resource potential, following which nation?
Answer: D Democratic Republic of Congo
Why
The textbook states that Ethiopia ranks second in Africa for water-resource potential after the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Question 4
In which year was the Ethiopian Green Legacy Initiative launched by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed?
Answer: A 2019
Why
The Green Legacy Initiative was launched in 2019 as a tree-planting campaign to combat deforestation and climate change.
Question 5
In which part of Ethiopia is slash-and-burn clearing commonly practiced to prepare land for farming?
Answer: B Southwestern Ethiopia
Why
The textbook specifically notes that slash-and-burn farming to clear forestland is commonly practiced in southwestern Ethiopia.
Question 6
How much topsoil is washed away from the Ethiopian highlands every year?
Answer: C About 1.9 billion tons
Why
In Ethiopia, approximately 1.9 billion tons of fertile topsoil are eroded and washed away from the highlands annually.
Question 7
What is the name of the bad farming practice that involves planting an area too densely, using up nutrients too quickly?
Answer: A Overcropping
Why
Overcropping is planting a field too densely, whereas overcultivation refers to tilling the land every single year without rest.
Question 8
What was the planned target for planting tree seedlings nationwide between 2020 and 2023 under the Green Legacy movement?
Answer: D 20 billion seedlings
Why
The Green Legacy movement planned to plant 20 billion seedlings across Ethiopia over the four-year period from 2020 to 2023.
Question 9
Which domestic animal is highlighted as particularly damaging to vegetation in overgrazed areas because it destroys plant roots?
Answer: B Goats
Why
The textbook mentions that goats are especially destructive to vegetative cover because they consume all parts of plants, including the roots.
Question 10
Which two Ethiopian highland lakes are cited in the textbook as disappearing or on the verge of disappearance?
Answer: B Lake Haromaya and Lake Cheleklektu
Why
Lake Haromaya (in Hararghe) and Lake Cheleklektu (in Bishoftu) are given as examples of lakes disappearing due to environmental stress.
The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.
Unit 7 runs from page 186 to page 201 of the Ministry of Education edition.
Ministry of Education edition, English, 247 pages
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