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Unit notes and practice questions

Grade 11 Geography unit 5: Geography and Economic Development

Everything here is for unit 5 of the Grade 11 Geography textbook: what the chapter covers, the short notes, practice questions with their answers, and the lesson video where one exists.

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10
Practice questions on unit 5
123–158
The textbook pages for unit 5

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The Temari lesson on unit 5

A short video lesson on this chapter, made by Temari. It loads only when you press play.

Growth or development? Measuring better lives with the HDI · 4 min · 2 past exam questions worked through

Parts of the lesson

Tap a part to play the lesson from there.

What unit 5 covers

  1. 1.Effects of geographic location on development
  2. 2.Climate extremes and poverty
  3. 3.Disadvantages of landlocked countries
  4. 4.Intraregional trade in Africa

Short notes for unit 5

The cards filed under this chapter on the Grade 11 Geography page. Open one at a time.

When you use it

Use this when a question asks you to define economic growth and economic development, or to explain why a rise in GDP alone does not prove development.

Watch out

Growth measures the increase in goods, services or GDP and per capita income, without regard to the standard of living. Development also covers the qualitative side: education, health, housing, sanitation and employment, measured by the HDI. Do not treat a rising GDP as proof of development.

Drafted from Grade 11 Geography, pages 123-158, then checked twice before it went up

MI=WIsWOsMI = \frac{W_{Is}}{W_{Os}}
MIMI
material indexratio\text{ratio}
WIsW_{Is}
weight of inputs (raw materials)weight\text{weight}
WOsW_{Os}
weight of outputs (finished product)weight\text{weight}

When you use it

Use this when a question asks where an industrial firm should locate relative to its raw material source or its market, according to Alfred Weber's least-cost model.

Watch out

If MI is greater than 1, the firm locates near the raw material source; if MI is less than 1, it locates near the market. Students often reverse these two conditions. The chapter does not state a rule for MI equal to 1, so do not invent one.

Drafted from Grade 11 Geography, pages 123-158, then checked twice before it went up

Practice questions on unit 5

10 multiple-choice questions written against this chapter, each with its answer and the reason. Try one before you open the answer.

Question 1

According to the chapter, what does economic growth mainly focus on?

  1. A.The quantitative growth of national per capita income, without giving due regard to the standard of living
  2. B.The number of schools and hospitals built in each region
  3. C.The distance between a country and the nearest seaport
  4. D.The number of landlocked countries in a continent
Show the answer and why

Answer: A The quantitative growth of national per capita income, without giving due regard to the standard of living

Why

The chapter says economic growth is an increase in goods and services, or growth of GDP, over a period. It mainly focuses on the quantitative growth of national per capita income. It does not give due regard to the standard of living and welfare of citizens. Economic development is the broader idea that includes both quality and quantity.

Question 2

The Human Development Index (HDI) is computed using three dimensions. Which of the following is not one of them?

  1. A.Longevity (long and healthy life)
  2. B.Access to knowledge
  3. C.A decent standard of living
  4. D.Total population size of the country
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Total population size of the country

Why

The chapter names three HDI dimensions: longevity, access to knowledge, and standard of living. Total population size is not one of them. Longevity is measured from life expectancy at birth, and knowledge is measured from literacy rates and average years of schooling.

Question 3

In von Thünen's hypothetical circular land use model, which crops are suggested to be grown in the zone nearest to the market city?

  1. A.Field crops such as grains
  2. B.Ranching of animals
  3. C.Heavy and perishable crops such as vegetables, fruits, and dairy products
  4. D.Nothing; the zone is unoccupied wilderness
Show the answer and why

Answer: C Heavy and perishable crops such as vegetables, fruits, and dairy products

Why

In von Thünen's model, heavy and perishable crops (vegetables, fruits and dairy products) are placed nearest to the city. These products would be costly to carry far to market. Grains come from the third zone, ranching from the fourth zone, and the final zone beyond the fourth ring is wilderness.

Question 4

In Walter Christaller's central place model, the marketing principle is also called which K system?

  1. A.K = 4 system
  2. B.K = 7 system
  3. C.K = 3 system
  4. D.K = 9 system
Show the answer and why

Answer: C K = 3 system

Why

The chapter lists three principles: the marketing principle (K = 3), the transportation principle (K = 4), and the administrative principle (K = 7). In the K = 3 system, one higher-order central place serves itself and two lower-order neighboring centers.

Question 5

A sugar-cane mill uses 500 tonnes of cane to produce 250 tonnes of sugar. Using Alfred Weber's material index (MI = weight of inputs / weight of outputs), what is the MI, and where should the mill be located?

  1. A.MI = 0.5, so the mill should locate near the market
  2. B.MI = 2, so the mill should locate near the source of the raw material
  3. C.MI = 2, so the mill should locate near the market
  4. D.MI = 0.5, so the mill should locate near the source of the raw material
Show the answer and why

Answer: B MI = 2, so the mill should locate near the source of the raw material

Why

MI = 500 / 250 = 2. The chapter says that if MI is greater than 1, the firm should locate nearer to the source of the raw material. Sugar-cane mills are named in the chapter as bulk-reducing industries that should locate near their input sources.

Question 6

According to Weber, which of these is an example of a pure, bulk-gaining industry that can locate near markets?

  1. A.Bauxite refinery
  2. B.Sugar-cane mill
  3. C.Steel mill
  4. D.Soft-drink bottling
Show the answer and why

Answer: D Soft-drink bottling

Why

The chapter lists cotton textiles, soft-drink bottling, brewery, and beverages as examples of pure, bulk-gaining industries. Their inputs do not lose weight, and adding weight makes shipping costly, so they locate near markets. Bauxite refineries, sugar-cane mills and steel mills are bulk-reducing industries that locate near their raw materials.

Question 7

In the 2019 UNDP ranking of 189 world countries, Ethiopia had an HDI score of 0.485. Which rank did Ethiopia hold?

  1. A.Rank 1 of 189
  2. B.Rank 173 of 189
  3. C.Rank 170 of 189
  4. D.Rank 189 of 189
Show the answer and why

Answer: B Rank 173 of 189

Why

The chapter states that Ethiopia, with a score of 0.485 HDI value, ranked 173 of the 189 countries. Norway ranked at the top with 0.957, while Niger, Central African Republic and Chad were at the bottom.

Question 8

In the Itang District study (Gambella region, Ethiopia), what percentage of respondents reported that their crops were severely damaged or destroyed following the 2007 flood?

  1. A.51 percent
  2. B.50 percent
  3. C.94 percent
  4. D.100 percent
Show the answer and why

Answer: C 94 percent

Why

The case study says that ninety-four percent of respondents reported that their crops were severely damaged or destroyed following the 2007 flood. The 51 percent figure in the text refers to the share who reported losing livestock, which is a different fact.

Question 9

In Christaller's K = 4 system (the transportation principle), how many low-order settlements does each high-order center serve in total?

  1. A.3
  2. B.4
  3. C.6
  4. D.7
Show the answer and why

Answer: B 4

Why

In the K = 4 system, lower-order settlements are placed at the mid-points of the sides along roads connecting higher-order settlements. Each central place supports half of the market of each of six adjoining low-order settlements. The chapter states that the total number of sites served is four. Three is the number for the K = 3 system, and seven is the number for the K = 7 system.

Question 10

Which statement best reflects the school of possibilism?

  1. A.Nature is never more than an adviser, and there are no necessities but everywhere possibilities.
  2. B.The stage of socio-economic development is exclusively determined by the geographic environment.
  3. C.Countries in tropical areas are less developed only because of their hot climate, and nothing else matters.
  4. D.Development depends only on the climate of a country and cannot be changed by people.
Show the answer and why

Answer: A Nature is never more than an adviser, and there are no necessities but everywhere possibilities.

Why

Possibilism argues that geographic environment is not the only determinant of development. The chapter quotes the possibilist phrases 'nature is never more than an adviser' and 'there are no necessities but everywhere possibilities'. The other options describe geographical determinism, which says the geographic environment alone decides development.

The app holds 12 questions on this unit, marked as you go. These are the first 10.

The textbook pages for unit 5

Unit 5 runs from page 123 to page 158 of the Ministry of Education edition.

Ministry of Education edition, English, 254 pages

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All Grade 11 Geography short notes

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