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Grade 7 Mathematics

Grade 7 Mathematics on Temari has 32 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.

The Grade 7 Mathematics textbook is on this page as a free PDF, Ministry of Education edition, 252 pages. Go to the download

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32
Cards
7
Chapters
13
Formulas
4
Reference tables
Grade 7 Mathematics
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13 October 2026
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Across the whole subject

What you doWorked example
Add the numbers of the ratio to find how many parts there are.3 + 5 = 8 parts
Divide the total by the number of parts.800 / 8 = 100 Birr for one part
Multiply each number by the value of one part.3 x 100 = 300 Birr and 5 x 100 = 500 Birr
Add the shares back to check.300 + 500 = 800, the total you started with
When the question gives one person's share instead of the total, divide that share by its own number.A receives 300 Birr for the 3, so one part is 100 Birr and B receives 500 Birr
Simplify a ratio by dividing every number in it by their highest common factor.HCF(12, 18) = 6, so 12 : 18 = 2 : 3
Put both quantities in the same unit before you write the ratio.50 cm : 2 m becomes 50 : 200, which is 1 : 4

When you use it

Use when a question hands you a total and a ratio and asks for each share, such as splitting 800 Birr between two people in the ratio 3 : 5. Add the numbers of the ratio to get the parts, divide the total by that number to get one part, then multiply each number by one part.

Watch out

Dividing by the wrong number is what costs the marks. Sharing 800 Birr in the ratio 3 : 5, students divide by 2 because there are two people, or by 3 because 3 is the first number. There are 8 parts, so one part is 100 Birr and the shares are 300 and 500. When the question gives one person's share instead of the total, divide by that person's own number: A's 300 Birr stands on the 3, so divide by 3 and not by 8. Add the shares back every time. If they do not give the total, the wrong number was used.

ComparisonWritten asWhat it says
Part to parta:ba : bThe two parts against each other. 3 boys to 5 girls.
Part to wholea:(a+b)a : (a + b)One part against the whole, when the whole is made of two parts. The boys are 3 : 8 of the class.
Whole to part(a+b):a(a + b) : aThe whole against one part. The class is 8 : 3 of the boys.
Three parts or morea:(a+b+c)a : (a + b + c)The whole is the sum of every part, so the first part against the whole in a three-part split is a to a + b + c.
Value of a two-term ratioab\frac{a}{b}A ratio of two terms is that fraction, where b is not zero. A ratio such as 2 : 3 : 5 has no single fraction value.
Same unit first50:200=1:450 : 200 = 1 : 4Put both quantities in one unit before comparing them, and the simplified ratio itself carries no unit.
Order3:53 : 5The 3 must be the quantity named first. 5 : 3 answers a different question unless the two are equal.

When you use it

Use when a question compares a ratio with a total, such as a class holding 3 boys for every 5 girls. Decide first whether the second number of your answer is the other part or the whole class, because part to part and part to whole are two different ratios of the same situation.

Watch out

Asked what share of the whole something is, students hand back the part to part ratio. A class with 3 boys to every 5 girls holds 3 + 5 = 8 children, so the boys are 3 : 8 of the class and not 3 : 5. Read the word that follows 'to': if it names the total, add the parts first. The second slip is comparing across units, writing 50 cm to 2 m as 50 : 2 instead of converting first and getting 1 : 4.

workers×days=total work in worker-days\text{workers} \times \text{days} = \text{total work in worker-days}
What you do5 workers finish in 12 days. How long do 8 workers take?
Decide which way the answer must move before you touch the numbers.More workers means fewer days, so the answer has to come out below 12.
Multiply first: workers times days is the total work, and it stays constant because every worker is taken to work at the same steady rate.5 x 12 = 60 worker-days
Divide the total work by the new number of workers.60 / 8 = 7.5 days, which is seven days and a half day
Check the direction of the answer.7.5 is below 12, so the set-up was the right way round.
The same answer through rates.One worker does 1/60 of the job a day, 8 workers do 8/60 = 2/15 a day, and the time is 15/2 = 7.5 days.
The same shape shows up in speed.Over a fixed distance, speed and time are inversely proportional. At a constant speed, distance and time rise together.
Practice.6 men finish a work in 15 days. 6 x 15 = 90 man-days, so 9 men take 90 / 9 = 10 days.

When you use it

Use when a job of fixed size is done by a different number of workers and the question asks how long it now takes. Multiply the first pair to get the total work in worker-days, then divide that by the new number of workers.

Watch out

Students set the two pairs up as a direct proportion and cross multiply, so 5 over 12 against 8 over x gives 19.2 days, which says 8 workers need longer than 5 did. Decide which way the answer must move before you touch the numbers: more workers means fewer days, so it has to come out below 12. Multiply first and divide second, and never divide the days by the workers.

New value=Old value×(1±r100)\text{New value} = \text{Old value} \times \left(1 \pm \frac{r}{100}\right)
rr
the size of the change written as a plain number, so 15 for 15%
1+r1001 + \frac{r}{100}
the multiplier for an increase: 1.15 for a rise of 15%
1−r1001 - \frac{r}{100}
the multiplier for a decrease: 0.80 for a fall of 20%
What you are findingHow to write itWorked example
Percent P of a number NP100×N\frac{P}{100} \times N25% of 80 is 20
What percent one number is of anotherab×100%\frac{a}{b} \times 100\%15 out of 60 is 25%, and 72 out of 90 is 80%
Increase by r percentOld×(1+r100)\text{Old} \times \left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)200 raised by 15% gives 200 x 1.15 = 230
Decrease by r percentOld×(1−r100)\text{Old} \times \left(1 - \frac{r}{100}\right)450 lowered by 20% gives 450 x 0.80 = 360
A discountMultiply by the share of the price you still pay.A 25% discount means you pay 75%, so multiply by 0.75
Percent, fraction and decimal25%=25100=0.2525\% = \frac{25}{100} = 0.25Percent to decimal, divide by 100: 37% is 0.37. Decimal to percent, multiply by 100: 0.64 is 64%.

When you use it

Use when a price, a mark or a population changes by a given percent and the question wants the new value. Multiply the original by 1.15 for a rise of 15% or by 0.80 for a fall of 20%, and the number that comes out is already the new value.

Watch out

Two habits cost marks here. The first stops one step short: 200 x 0.15 = 30 is the increase and not the new value, so keep the 1 inside the bracket, multiply by 1.15 and get 230. The second takes the percentage of the wrong number. Decrease 450 by 20% and you get 360, but raising 360 by 20% gives 432 rather than 450, because that 20% is now taken of 360. A percentage change is never undone by the same percentage the other way.

New value=Old value×(1±r1100)×(1±r2100)\text{New value} = \text{Old value} \times \left(1 \pm \frac{r_1}{100}\right) \times \left(1 \pm \frac{r_2}{100}\right)
The caseWhat students doWhat actually happens
80 raised by 10%, then lowered by 5%Add the rates to a net 5% and compute 80 x 1.05 = 84.80 x 1.10 = 88, then 88 x 0.95 = 83.6. The true net multiplier is 1.10 x 0.95 = 1.045, a rise of 4.5%.
Which amount the second percent is taken onTake the 5% of the starting 80.It is taken on 88, the amount the first change left, so the two changes multiply rather than add.
100 raised by 20%, then lowered by 20%Assume the two cancel and answer 100.100 x 1.20 = 120, then 120 x 0.80 = 96, which is 4% below the start.
The order of the two changesAssume they have to be applied in the order given.Multiplication is commutative, so 80 x 0.95 x 1.10 = 83.6 as well.

When you use it

Use when a quantity changes twice, such as a price raised by 10% and then cut by 5% in a sale. Multiply the two multipliers onto the original value instead of adding the rates, because the second percent is taken on the amount the first change left.

Watch out

Students add the two rates and treat a 10% rise followed by a 5% fall as one 5% rise, computing 80 x 1.05 = 84 instead of 83.6. The 5% is taken on 88, never on the starting 80. The same slip in reverse costs the most marks: a 20% rise followed by a 20% fall looks like it cancels, but 100 becomes 120 and then 96, which is 4% below where you began.

01

Basic Concepts of Sets

When you use it

Use this when a question asks how many elements a set has, or when you compare the sizes of two sets.

Watch out

A repeated element counts once: {1,1,2,2,3} has 3 elements, not 5. The empty set is written { } or ∅ and has 0 elements, so it is not a set containing the number 0.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when a question asks whether one object or one set lies inside another set.

Watch out

Use ∈ only between an object and a set, for example 6 ∈ N. Use ⊂ only between two sets, for example {2,4} ⊂ N. Writing 2 ⊂ N or {2} ∈ N is wrong. The empty set is a subset of every set, so ∅ ⊂ N is true, but ∅ ∈ N does not follow from that.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when a question asks whether two sets are equal or equivalent.

Watch out

Equivalent sets need only the same number of elements. {1,2,3} and {a,b,c} are equivalent but not equal. Equal sets must have exactly the same elements, so every pair of equal sets is equivalent, but not every equivalent pair is equal.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when a question asks you to list all subsets or all proper subsets of a small set.

Watch out

A set is never a proper subset of itself, so A ⊂ A is false even though A is a subset of A. Forgetting the empty set ∅ loses marks, because ∅ is a subset of every set.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up

OperationResult for A = {3,4,5,6} and B = {4,6,8,10}
A∪BA \cup B{3,4,5,6,8,10}\{3,4,5,6,8,10\}
A∩BA \cap B{4,6}\{4,6\}

When you use it

Use this when two sets are given and you must find their union A ∪ B or their intersection A ∩ B.

Watch out

The union keeps every element of both sets, listing a shared element once. The intersection keeps only the elements that appear in both sets.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up

02

Integers

When you use it

Reach for this when dividing one integer by another and the result is not a whole number, or when the divisor is zero.

Watch out

The quotient of two integers is not always an integer: 20 ÷ 8 = 2.5. Division by zero is undefined, so 20 ÷ 0 has no answer.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 11-56, then checked twice before it went up

First factor or dividendSecond factor or divisorSign of product or quotient
+++
+--
-+-
--+

When you use it

Reach for this when multiplying or dividing two integers and you need the sign of the answer before finding its size.

Watch out

Decide the sign first. Two negatives give a positive, as in (-12) x (-13) = 156, and students often write a negative answer instead.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 11-56, then checked twice before it went up

a−(−b)=a+ba-(-b)=a+b
aa
any integer from which b is subtracteddimensionlessdimensionless
bb
any integer, whose opposite is subtracteddimensionlessdimensionless

When you use it

Reach for this when subtracting a negative integer, such as 4 - (-9), to turn the subtraction into an addition.

Watch out

Two minus signs in a row become a plus sign: 4 - (-9) = 13, not -5. Students often drop the inner minus sign and write 4 - 9 = -5.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 11-56, then checked twice before it went up

03

Linear Equations

When you use it

Use this at every step when you isolate the unknown in a linear equation, whether you add, subtract, multiply or divide.

Watch out

When a term moves to the other side its sign changes. Divide both sides only by a non-zero number, because dividing by 0 is not allowed.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 57-102, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when a linear equation contains fractions, before you expand brackets or collect terms.

Watch out

Multiply every term on both sides by the LCM, including whole-number terms such as the 5 on the right side of x/4 + ... = 5. Missing one term is the usual lost mark.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 57-102, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when you remove a bracket that has a minus sign in front of it, or a negative number multiplying it.

Watch out

Every term inside the bracket changes sign. Write -2(x - 4) = -2x + 8, not -2x - 8. Dropping the sign on the second term is the usual lost mark.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 57-102, then checked twice before it went up

QuadrantSign of xSign of y
I++
II-+
III--
IV+-

When you use it

Use this when you must say which quadrant a point lies in, from the signs of its coordinates.

Watch out

A point on an axis belongs to no quadrant. For example (-3, 0) lies on the x-axis, not in quadrant II or III.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 57-102, then checked twice before it went up

04

Ratio, Proportion and Percentage

A=P(1+R)TA = P(1+R)^{T}
AA
amount, principal plus compound interestBirrBirr
PP
principal, the initial amountBirrBirr
RR
interest rate per year as a decimal, e.g. 10% is 0.11(writetherateperyearasadecimal)1 (write the rate per year as a decimal)
TT
number of yearsyearyear

When you use it

Use this when interest is added to the principal each year and the next year's interest is calculated on the new total.

Watch out

Use R = 0.1 for 10%, not 10. Also, the question may ask for the interest, which is A - P, not the amount A itself.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 103-153, then checked twice before it went up

P=R×BP = R \times B
PP
percentage, the part of the wholesameasB(percentagepart)same as B (percentage part)
RR
rate, the percent written as a decimal or fraction, e.g. 20% is 0.21(writetherateasadecimalorfraction)1 (write the rate as a decimal or fraction)
BB
base, the whole quantity, the number after 'of'sameasP(base,thewhole)same as P (base, the whole)

When you use it

Use this to find a percent of a number, or to find the whole when a part and its percent are given, by rearranging to B = P / R.

Watch out

The base is the number after 'of', so in '20% of 150' the base is 150. Change the percent to a decimal first, otherwise the answer is wrong by a factor of 100.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 103-153, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this before writing any ratio of two measured quantities, such as money, length, mass or time.

Watch out

Change both quantities to the same unit before dividing. For example, 65 cents to 5 Birr is 65 : 500 = 13 : 100, not 65 : 5. A ratio has no unit once both sides match.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 103-153, then checked twice before it went up

I=PRTI = PRT
II
simple interest earnedBirrBirr
PP
principal, the amount borrowed or investedBirrBirr
RR
interest rate per year, e.g. 7% is 0.071(writetherateperyearasadecimal)1 (write the rate per year as a decimal)
TT
time in yearsyearyear

When you use it

Use this when money is borrowed or deposited at a fixed rate per year and the interest is paid only on the original principal.

Watch out

Convert the time to years before multiplying: 3 months is 3/12 = 0.25 year. Write 12% as 0.12, not 12, or the answer is 100 times too large.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 103-153, then checked twice before it went up

05

Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures

A=πr2A=\pi r^2
AA
area of the circlecm2\text{cm}^2
rr
radius, the distance from the centre to any point on the circlecm\text{cm}
π\pi
pi, about 3.14 when the textbook asks for a decimal answer11

When you use it

Use this when you must find the area of a full circle or a semicircle, and the radius is given or can be found from the diameter.

Watch out

If the diameter is given, divide it by 2 first to get the radius. Putting the diameter straight into r^2 gives an answer four times too large. For a semicircle, halve the final area.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 154-195, then checked twice before it went up

A=12 d1 d2A=\frac{1}{2}\,d_1\,d_2
AA
area of the rhombus or kitecm2\text{cm}^2
d1d_1
length of the first diagonalcm\text{cm}
d2d_2
length of the second diagonalcm\text{cm}

When you use it

Use this when the figure is a rhombus or a kite and the two diagonals are given or can be found.

Watch out

Area uses the two diagonals, not the side lengths, so do not multiply two sides. Perimeter is different: it needs the sum of all four sides.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 154-195, then checked twice before it went up

A=12(b1+b2) hA=\frac{1}{2}(b_1+b_2)\,h
AA
area of the trapeziumcm2\text{cm}^2
b1b_1
length of one parallel basecm\text{cm}
b2b_2
length of the other parallel basecm\text{cm}
hh
height, the perpendicular distance between the two basescm\text{cm}

When you use it

Use this when a four-sided figure has exactly one pair of parallel sides and you need its area or a missing base or height.

Watch out

The height is the perpendicular distance between the two parallel bases, not the slanted leg. Use only the bases b_1 and b_2 in the formula, never a leg.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 154-195, then checked twice before it went up

A=12 b hA=\frac{1}{2}\,b\,h
AA
area of the trianglecm2\text{cm}^2
bb
length of the basecm\text{cm}
hh
height, the perpendicular from the opposite vertex to the basecm\text{cm}

When you use it

Use this for any triangle when you know one base and the height drawn to that same base.

Watch out

The height must be perpendicular to the base you chose, and both must belong to the same pair. In an obtuse triangle the height falls outside the triangle, so draw it to the extended base. A slanted side is not the height.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 154-195, then checked twice before it went up

06

Congruency of Plane Figures

When you use it

Reach for this once two triangles are shown to be congruent and you need a missing side or angle of one of them.

Watch out

Match parts by the letter order of the congruence statement. A side of equal length next to the right one is not the matching side.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 196-217, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when choosing between SAS and ASA, or when you are given two sides and an angle and must decide whether a test applies.

Watch out

SAS needs the angle between the two given sides, and ASA needs the side between the two given angles. An angle outside the two sides does not complete SAS, and two sides with no included angle do not prove congruence.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 196-217, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when you write a congruence statement such as triangle ABC congruent to triangle FED, or when you read one to find matching parts.

Watch out

The letter order gives the pairing. If triangle ABC is congruent to triangle FED, then A matches F, B matches E and C matches D. Writing FED as DEF pairs the wrong angles and loses marks.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 196-217, then checked twice before it went up

TestParts that must be equal
SSSThree sides of one triangle equal the three corresponding sides of the other.
SASTwo sides and the angle between them equal two corresponding sides and the angle between them of the other.
ASATwo angles and the side between them equal two corresponding angles and the side between them of the other.

When you use it

Reach for this when you must prove two triangles congruent, and pick the test that matches the parts you are given.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 196-217, then checked twice before it went up

07

Data Handling

mean=x1+x2+⋯+xnn\text{mean}=\frac{x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n}{n}
xix_i
the i-th value in the data setsameasthedatasame as the data
nn
the number of values in the data setcount(nounit)count (no unit)

When you use it

Use when a question asks for the mean or average of a list of values, or when the mean is given and you must find a missing value.

Watch out

Divide by the number of values, not by the largest value. For a missing value, multiply the given mean by the count to get the total sum, then subtract the known values from that total.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 218-246, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use when asked for the most frequent value in a list, or when naming a data set as unimodal, bimodal or trimodal.

Watch out

Count how often each value occurs before answering. If every value occurs only once there is no mode. If two or more values tie for the highest count, the data has that many modes.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 218-246, then checked twice before it went up

θ=VT×360∘\theta=\frac{V}{T}\times 360^{\circ}
θ\theta
central angle of the sector∘^{\circ}
VV
value of one categorysameasTsame as T
TT
total value of all categoriessameasVsame as V

When you use it

Use when drawing a pie chart from given values or percentages, or when finding the amount a category represents from its sector angle.

Watch out

The sector angles must add up to 360°. When converting a percentage, divide by 100 before multiplying by 360°, so 20% gives 72° and not 7200°.

Drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, pages 218-246, then checked twice before it went up

The Grade 7 Mathematics textbook

The student textbook for the new curriculum, free as a PDF. The cards on this page follow its chapters.

What the book covers

  1. 1.Basic Concepts of Sets
  2. 2.Integers
  3. 3.Linear Equations
  4. 4.Ratio, Proportion and Percentage
  5. 5.Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures
  6. 6.Congruency of Plane Figures
  7. 7.Data Handling

Questions students ask

What do the Grade 7 Mathematics cards cover?
32 cards across 7 chapters of the national textbook: Basic Concepts of Sets, Integers, Linear Equations, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures, Congruency of Plane Figures and Data Handling. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.
Is there a national exam in Grade 7?
No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.
Where do these cards come from?
They are drafted from Grade 7 Mathematics, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.
Is this free?
Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.
When was this last checked?
13 October 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

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