Free short notes and revision cards
Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo on Temari has 22 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.
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When you use it
Use this when two words look almost the same and differ only in one doubled letter, as in Gubbaa and Gubaa.
Watch out
Dropping the doubled letter changes the meaning. Gubbaa (on top, irra keessa) written as Gubaa means fire (ho'aa). Write both letters wherever the sound is long.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 1-9, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when asked to sort or identify the word class of each word in a sentence (garee jechootaa adda baasuu).
Watch out
Do not decide from meaning alone. Check the ending: a gochima ends in -ti or -dha, a maqaa names a thing or person, and a gochibsa tells how an action is done, as in saffisaan (quickly).
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 1-9, then checked twice before it went up
| Word class | Examples |
|---|---|
| Maqaa | saree, nama, mucaa |
| Maqibsa | dheertuu, bareedaa, qal'oo |
| Gochima | -ti, -dha, dha'e |
| Gochibsa | saffisaan, suuta, sirnaan |
| Durduubee | gara, irra, waa'ee, keessa |
When you use it
Use this when a question asks you to name the word classes of Afaan Oromoo or to label the class of a word.
Watch out
Students confuse maqaa (noun) with maqibsa (descriptive word). A word such as dheertuu describes a noun; it is not a noun itself.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 1-9, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks who, what, why or how about a reading passage such as Dhala Eebbaa or Xiiqii Hadhooftuu.
Watch out
In multiple-choice items the correct answer is stated directly in the passage, while the wrong options name other people or events in the story, such as the mother or the teacher. Find the sentence in the text before you choose.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 10-19, then checked twice before it went up
| Proper noun (maqaa dhuunfaa) examples |
|---|
| Ambo |
| Jimma |
| Awaash |
| Dhidheessa |
| Odaa |
| Waddeessa |
When you use it
Reach for this when you must name a type of noun in the akaakuu maqaa section and need a sample of a specific name.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 10-19, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a sentence asks you to rewrite a named person or thing as isheen, inni or isaan.
Watch out
Match the pronoun to the gender and number of the noun. Caaltuu is feminine, so it becomes isheen, not inni. Two named people become isaan, not inni.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 20-27, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a task asks you to pick out the maqibsa, the word that qualifies an action, in a sentence from the chapter.
Watch out
A qualifier often sits right after a noun, as baayyee does after namoota in the chapter's example. Do not choose a word only because of its position. Ask what the sentence says about the action (galaafate) and choose the word that answers that.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 28-37, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when two nouns are joined to name a new thing, such as mana citaa or sangaa foonii, and when you must split a joined word back into its two parts for Gilgaala 8 or 9.
Watch out
When you split a compound, write the second noun in its base form, not with the ending it carries inside the compound. The chapter splits sangaa foonii as sangaa + foon, so write foon, not foonii.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 28-37, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a sentence repeats a noun you have just named and you must replace it with a pronoun such as Ishee, Inni or Isaan.
Watch out
Match the pronoun to the noun it replaces: Ishee for a female name such as Ayyaantuu, Inni for a male name such as Lataa, and Isaan for a plural group such as barattoota. Never use a plural pronoun for a single person.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 38-47, then checked twice before it went up
| Verb type | Verbs in this chapter | What it shows |
|---|---|---|
| Ta'umsaa | ta'e, -dha, -ti | Shows that a thing is or has become something |
| Hafoo | deeme, rafe, kolfe, dhufe | Shows an action that stays with its doer and does not pass on |
| Darboo | rukute, barsiiste, ajjeese | Shows an action that passes from the doer to another person or thing |
When you use it
Reach for this when you must classify a verb as ta'umsaa, hafoo or darboo, or explain whether a verb passes its action on to a person or thing.
Watch out
Do not call a verb darboo just because a sentence follows it. Darboo verbs pass the action on, as in Waaqoon nama rukute; hafoo verbs such as deeme and dhufe stay with the doer, as in Roobeen karaa deemte.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 38-47, then checked twice before it went up
| Maqaa (noun) | Maqibsa (describing word) | Gaalee (phrase) |
|---|---|---|
| Sangaa | Diimaa | Sangaa diimaa |
| Wayyaa | Haphii | Wayyaa haphii |
| Re'ee | Xiilloo | Re'ee xiilloo |
| Farda | Odolcha | Farda odolcha |
| Mukkeen | Qaqalloo | Mukkeen qaqalloo |
| Intala | Bareedduu | Intala bareedduu |
| Kutaa | Bal'aa | Kutaa bal'aa |
| Mana | Guddaa | Mana guddaa |
| Amala | Gaarii | Amala gaarii |
When you use it
Use this list to check how a noun pairs with its describing word in a phrase before you answer the phrase-building exercises (Gilgaala 8 and 9).
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 48-57, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when you must pick out the maqaa (noun) and the maqibsa (describing word) in an Afaan Oromoo phrase, or when you build a gaalee for a writing exercise.
Watch out
In Afaan Oromoo the maqibsa comes after the maqaa, so write mana guddaa, not guddaa mana as English word order would suggest for 'big house'.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 48-57, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks you to write words of equal meaning, or when you fill Gilgaala 10 with such words.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 48-57, then checked twice before it went up
| Word in Afaan Oromoo | Original language |
|---|---|
| Kootii | French |
| Jaakkeettii | French |
| Raadiyoo | English |
| Sukkaara | Italian |
| Rabbi | Arabic |
When you use it
Use this when you must identify a word in Afaan Oromoo that was taken from another language and name the language it came from.
Watch out
Write a borrowed word in the spelling of Afaan Oromoo, not the original spelling. The chapter shows Arabic kitaab becoming kitaaba in Afaan Oromoo.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 58-67, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when you must write a short sentence that places a place or thing relative to another, using a maqaa and a durduubee together.
Watch out
Gara, jala and irra are durduubee, not maqaa, so do not write them as names. Capitalise place names such as Jimmaa and Finfinnee.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 58-67, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when you must name the maqaa and gochima of an Afaan Oromoo sentence, as Gilgaala 8 asks.
Watch out
Abstract words such as jaalala (love), jibba (anger), Waaqa (God) and dhugaa (truth) are also maqaa. Do not leave them out because they cannot be touched.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 68-75, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when Gilgaala 8 asks you to pick out the maqaa and gochima of a given sentence.
Watch out
Find the gochima first, the word that shows the action (ijaarte, qulqulleessan). Then ask who or what did it and what it was done to; those words are maqaa. Do not count the verb as a maqaa just because it sits near a name.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 68-75, then checked twice before it went up
| Sentence | Maqaa (noun) | Gochima (verb) |
|---|---|---|
| Daboon mana ijaarte. | daboo, mana | ijaarte |
| Barattoonni daree qulqulleessan. | barattoota, daree | qulqulleessan |
When you use it
Check your answer against these models when you split a sentence into maqaa and gochima for Gilgaala 8.
Watch out
List every maqaa. The second sentence has two maqaa, barattoota and daree, and a student who lists only one loses the mark.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 68-75, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks you to explain the meaning of a word, because the chapter allows a word to be explained through its opposite.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 76-83, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this for the caasluga exercise, when you must separate a word such as jabbiilee into its base and its suffix.
Watch out
The stem can change when a suffix is added: laga + -een gives laggeen with the g doubled, and sa'a + -oota gives sa'oota with the final a dropped. Check the joined word against the stem before you write the answer.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, pages 76-83, then checked twice before it went up
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Roobii | one day of the week |
| Roobii | one kind of animal |
| Gaafa | found on an animal's head or on a hill |
| Gaafa | helps show when something was done |
When you use it
Reach for this when a word is spelt or sounds like another word but means something different in a sentence.
Watch out
Same spelling does not mean same meaning. Choose the sense from the sentence around the word, not from the word alone.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, page 84 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when building or checking an Afaan Oromoo sentence from its subject (matima), object (antima) and verb (gochima).
Watch out
The verb goes last. Students often copy English word order and write 'Tolaan bite farda'; the Oromo order is 'Tolaan farda bite'.
Drafted from Grade 9 Afaan Oromoo, page 84 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
The student textbook for the new curriculum, free as a PDF. The cards on this page follow its chapters.
Ministry of Education edition, Afaan Oromoo
100 pages
Oromia Education Bureau edition, Afaan Oromoo
127 pages
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