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Grade 9 Amharic

Grade 9 Amharic on Temari has 20 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.

20
Cards
9
Chapters
9
Reference tables
Grade 9 Amharic
Textbook
Free
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12 October 2026
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01

ቋንቋ

CharacteristicWhat it means
ማኅበራዊነትLanguage is a social tool for communication. It is learned, not inherited, and exists only within a community.
ሰብዓዊነትOnly human beings use language. No other creature has it.
ዘፈቀዳዊነትArbitrary. No natural link exists between a word's sound and the thing it names. The community agrees on the name.
ሥርዓታዊነትSystematic. Although the link is arbitrary, the sounds and words follow an order the community has accepted.
ረቂቅነትAbstract. Language can name a thing or idea even when it is absent in that time and place.
ውሰትBorrowing. Languages borrow sounds, words and expressions from one another. No language is complete on its own.
ዕድገት እና ሞትA language is born, grows and dies. It dies when it has no speakers left.

When you use it

Reach for this when asked to name or explain a basic characteristic of language, such as arbitrariness, systematicness or borrowing, with a reason from the text.

Watch out

Arbitrary (ዘፈቀዳዊ) and systematic (ሥርዓታዊ) are not opposites. Language is arbitrary in the link between sound and meaning, yet it is systematic in how sounds and words are ordered. Writing them as contradictory loses the marks.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 1-20, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when asked to identify or write a statement (ሐተታዊ), a question (መጠይቃዊ) or a command (ትዕዛዛዊ), or to say whether a sentence is a direct or indirect command.

Watch out

A question does not need a question word. Without words such as ለምን, ምን, መቼ or የት, the intonation (ቅላጼ) alone makes it a question. A direct command is addressed to the listener ('ወደክፍል ግቡ'). An indirect command is passed through a third party ('ወደክፍል ይግቡ'), so do not label it direct just because it is an imperative form.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 1-20, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to classify a sentence as single (ነጠላ) or complex (ውስብስብ). The decision depends on how many verbs the sentence holds.

Watch out

Count the verbs (ግስ), not the words or the length of the phrases. A sentence with one verb and a long subject is still single. A sentence with two or more verbs, or with a dependent clause such as 'ስለተደሰቱ' ('because they were happy'), is complex.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 1-20, then checked twice before it went up

02

ግብር

Tax typeWhat it isExamples in the chapter
Direct taxPaid directly by a person or firm on the income they earnEmployment income tax; house rent income tax; business income tax
Indirect taxCollected from the user through production, service and salesExcise tax; turnover tax; value added tax; stamp duty; customs duty

When you use it

Use this when a question asks you to classify a tax or give examples of direct or indirect tax. Ask first who pays the tax and whether it is paid on income or on production and sales.

Watch out

Salary tax is direct even though the employer deducts it from wages and pays it to the tax authority. Do not classify it as indirect just because someone else collects it.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 21-40, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when you prepare or present a debate on a tax topic, such as the benefits and harms of paying tax. Before the debate, gather facts, choose and order the useful ones, and rehearse; during it, introduce the topic, support each point with evidence, record the opponents' points, prepare a rebuttal and close with thanks.

Watch out

You must record the opposing side's points accurately during the debate, and build your rebuttal from those notes, not from memory.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 21-40, then checked twice before it went up

03

ማዕድን ማውጣት

When you use it

Use this when a task asks you to shorten a passage, such as writing its general idea in two paragraphs.

Watch out

The task asks for the general idea in two paragraphs, so count your paragraphs before you finish and leave out the detailed examples and lists.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 41-56, then checked twice before it went up

04

ልቦለድ

ElementMeaning
Story (ታሪክ)A narration of events arranged in time order.
Characters (ገፀባህሪያት)The people the author creates to represent people of the real world.
Setting (መቼት)The time and place where the characters live and act out their story.
Conflict (ግጭት)A clash between characters, or a struggle within a character over whether to act.
Plot structure (ትልም)Events and actions linked by cause and effect, told in sequence.
Theme (ጭብጥ)The message drawn out of the whole story.
Point of view (አንጻር)The direction from which the author tells the story.

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to identify or define the elements (አላባውያን) of a novel or short story.

Watch out

Theme (ጭብጥ) is the message drawn out of the whole story, not a summary of what happens. Conflict includes both a clash between characters and a struggle within one character.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 57-72, then checked twice before it went up

FeatureMeaning
Single effect (ነጠላ ውጤት)All parts of the story converge on one main focus that the author wants to stay in the reader's mind.
Haste (ጥድፊያ)The story moves quickly, without winding plot twists, wide setting descriptions or character backgrounds.
Economy (ቁጥብነት)The story focuses on one episode of the main character's life rather than tracing his or her life from birth to death.

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to name or explain the features (ባህርያት) of a short story.

Watch out

Haste (ጥድፊያ) means telling the story quickly without wide setting descriptions or character backgrounds. It does not mean skipping the events of the plot.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 57-72, then checked twice before it went up

Word classPhrase typeExample
Noun (ስም)Noun phrase (ስማዊ ሀረግ)ታታሪው ልጅ
Verb (ግስ)Verb phrase (ግሳዊ ሀረግ)በፍጥነት መጣች
Adjective (ቅጽል)Adjective phrase (ቅጽላዊ ሀረግ)በጣም ደግ
Adverb of verb (ተውሳከ ግስ)Adverbial verb phrase (ተውሳከ ግሳዊ ሀረግ)በጣም ክፉኛ
Preposition (መስተዋድድ)Prepositional phrase (መስተዋድዳዊ ሀረግ)በመኪና

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to classify a phrase (ሀረግ) or to build a phrase from a given word.

Watch out

The head word decides the phrase type, not the first word. ብልህ ልጅ is a noun phrase because its head word is ልጅ, even though it contains an adjective.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 57-72, then checked twice before it went up

05

ቃላዊ ስነፅሑፍ

TermMeaning
ቃላዊነትspoken, passed on by word of mouth, not written
ቡድናዊነትcreated and performed jointly by the community
ተከዋኝነትperformed with the listeners taking part
ዕውዳዊነትperformed on a particular social occasion
ተለዋዋጭነትchanges as each teller adds their own creation

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks for the main characteristics (ባህርያት) of oral literature, or asks which trait a passage describes.

Watch out

Do not confuse ተከዋኝነት (the audience taking part in performance) with ቡድናዊነት (the work being created jointly). The first is about who takes part in performing, the second about who makes the work.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 73-87, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when a true or false question asks whether an oral work has a known author, or whether it passes on unchanged from one generation to the next.

Watch out

Students often mark 'unchanged in transmission' as true. The chapter says each teller adds their own creation, so the work changes. The author cannot be named, but the work did begin with a creative individual.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 73-87, then checked twice before it went up

06

ግጥም

When you use it

Use this when a question asks for the meaning of a word or phrase in a poem: give the contextual meaning (ዐውዳዊ ፍች) if the poem is asked, or the dictionary meaning (መዝገበ ቃላዊ ፍች) if the dictionary is asked.

Watch out

For contextual meaning, do not copy the first dictionary sense; write what the word means in that line. For dictionary meaning, look it up, then write a sentence that shows the meaning.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 88-103, then checked twice before it went up

Poem typeColours per hareg
ቡሄ በሉ ቤት1 to 4
ሰንጎ መገን ቤት5
የወል ቤት6

When you use it

Use this when a question asks you to name the type of a poem, or how many colours (ቀለማት) its hareg carries.

Watch out

The colour count is per hareg (phrase), not per whole line.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 88-103, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Poetry sets each verse line (ስንኝ) on its own line, stacked downward, while prose runs its sentences on from the first line to the last. Use this to tell poetry apart from prose narrative (ዝርው ትረካ) or to set a poem out on the page.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 88-103, then checked twice before it went up

07

ኮቪድ -19 (ኮሮና)

Affix typeExample wordAffix
Prefix (ቅድመ ዐምድ)ከታችከ-
Infix (ውስጠ ዐምድ)ሰፋፊ-ፋ-
Suffix (ድህረ ዐምድ)ቤታቸው-ኣቸው

When you use it

Reach for this when you need to recall which example in the chapter shows a prefix, an infix or a suffix.

Watch out

Students most often miss the infix. -ፋ- sits inside ሰፋፊ, so it is neither at the beginning nor at the end of the word.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 104-119, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to name an affix (ቅጥያ) and say whether it sits before, inside or after the root word.

Watch out

The name depends on where the affix sits relative to the root word (ዐምድ), not on its meaning. The affix ከ- in ከታች is a prefix because it comes first, and -ፋ- in ሰፋፊ is an infix, not a suffix, because it sits in the middle of ሰፊ.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 104-119, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Use this when an exercise asks you to separate the free word or root from its prefix and suffix, for example in ስለዘመዶቻቸው or ነጫጭ.

Watch out

Do not split a word by counting letters. First work out what the word means and find its free root (ዋና ቃል or ነጻ ምዕላድ), then remove the affix before it and the affix after it. In ቤታቸው the root is ቤት and -ኣቸው is the suffix, so find the root by meaning, not by cutting from the start.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 104-119, then checked twice before it went up

08

ተውኔት

TermMeaning
መቼትSetting: the place and time in which the action of the play takes place.
ገጸ-ባህርይCharacter: the people in the play, whom the actors represent on stage.
ሴራPlot: the chain of cause and effect that links the events of the play.
ቃለ-ተውኔትDialogue: the speech that characters exchange with each other.
ጭብጥTheme: the central idea of the play.

When you use it

Reach for this when an exam asks you to name or define the elements of a play, or to analyse a script such as ዘለለኝ.

Watch out

Do not confuse ሴራ (plot: the cause and effect chain) with ጭብጥ (theme: the central idea). A play may also carry more than one sub-theme, so never write that it has only one.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, pages 120-145, then checked twice before it went up

09

ማህበራዊ መገናኛ ብዙኃን እና ተግባቦት

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks you to identify a phrase that compares or sets two people or things side by side, such as the phrases with እንደ or ከ...የበለጠ.

Watch out

The phrase with እንደ names only the person it is compared with, for example 'እንደአባቷ' in 'እንደአባቷ ትጉህ ሠራተኛ ነች'. Mark only that comparing phrase, not the whole sentence, and check that the sentence really compares two things.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, page 146 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

When you use it

Reach for this when a question asks for the contextual meaning (ዐውዳዊ ፍች) of a word taken from the reading passage, or of an underlined word in a sentence.

Watch out

Do not give the first dictionary meaning. Choose the meaning that fits the passage. For example, 'ተደራሲያን' in the passage refers to the audience that ranges from an ordinary person to a university professor, so answer with 'audience' and not only 'readers'.

Drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, page 146 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

The Grade 9 Amharic textbook

The student textbook for the new curriculum, free as a PDF. The cards on this page follow its chapters.

What the book covers

  1. 1.ቋንቋ
  2. 2.ግብር
  3. 3.ማዕድን ማውጣት
  4. 4.ልቦለድ
  5. 5.ቃላዊ ስነፅሑፍ
  6. 6.ግጥም
  7. 7.ኮቪድ -19 (ኮሮና)
  8. 8.ተውኔት
  9. 9.ማህበራዊ መገናኛ ብዙኃን እና ተግባቦት

The same subject in other years

An exam paper keeps asking for what the year below taught. Those cards are here too.

Questions students ask

What do the Grade 9 Amharic cards cover?
20 cards across 9 chapters of the national textbook: ቋንቋ, ግብር, ማዕድን ማውጣት, ልቦለድ, ቃላዊ ስነፅሑፍ, ግጥም, ኮቪድ -19 (ኮሮና), ተውኔት and 1 more. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.
Is there a national exam in Grade 9?
No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.
Where do these cards come from?
They are drafted from Grade 9 Amharic, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.
Is this free?
Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.
When was this last checked?
12 October 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

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