Free short notes and revision cards
Grade 4 Amharic on Temari has 26 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.
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When you use it
Use this when asked to change two simple sentences into one complex sentence using a connecting word such as ስለዚህ, ምክንያቱም or ነገር ግን.
Watch out
Choose the connector by the link between the ideas: ስለዚህ and በመሆኑም introduce a result, ምክንያቱም introduces a reason, and ነገር ግን or ይሁን እንጂ introduce a contrast. Do not use ስለዚህ where the sentence gives a reason.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when asked whether a group of words is a complete sentence, or when asked to classify a sentence as simple (ነጠላ) or complex (ውስብስብ).
Watch out
A sentence that joins two ideas with a connector such as ነገር ግን or ስለዚህ is complex, even when it looks short. Count the ideas, not the words.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 1-10, then checked twice before it went up
| Word from the reading | Word with the same meaning |
|---|---|
| መደጎም | መርዳት |
| ሰበባሰበብ | ምክንያት |
| በድንገት | ሳይታሰብ |
| ተላተምን | ተጋጨን |
| ተርታ | ምድብ |
When you use it
Use this when a question asks for a word with the same meaning as a word from the road safety reading.
Watch out
Match ተላተምን to ተጋጨን (we collided), not to a word that only looks similar. Check the meaning in the sentence before you choose.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 11-22, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when you must join two ideas with a connective, or choose the right connective in a gap-filling question.
Watch out
ስለዚህ shows a result, while ነገር ግን and ቢሆንም show a contrast. Check whether the second idea follows from the first or opposes it before you choose.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 11-22, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question gives scrambled words and asks you to rebuild a complete sentence that makes sense.
Watch out
Place the subject first and the verb last. In the chapter's model, እኛ comes first and እንጠብቃለን ends the sentence, so the verb is not placed in the middle.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 11-22, then checked twice before it went up
| Word | Antonym |
|---|---|
| መብለጥ | ማነስ |
| አንድነት | ልዩነት |
| ፍቅር | ጥላቻ |
| ጸድቶ | ቆሽሾ |
| ማስተዋል | መዘንጋት |
When you use it
Use this list when a question asks you to match a word from the story with its opposite meaning.
Watch out
Match by meaning, not by similar letters: መብለጥ (to exceed) is opposite to ማነስ (to be less), not to any word that merely looks alike.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 23-33, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks you to build a complex sentence from two simple ones using a connecting word such as ምክንያቱም, ስለሆነም, ነገር ግን or ስለዚህ.
Watch out
Choose the connector by the relationship: ምክንያቱም introduces a reason, while ነገር ግን introduces a contrast. In ስለዚህ the ስለ is part of the connector, not a prefix to remove.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 23-33, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks you to separate a word into its prefix (መነሻ ቅጥያ), its root word and its suffix (መድረሻ ቅጥያ).
Watch out
Remove the prefix first and the suffix last, then check the root is a real word: in ስለቤተሰብ the prefix is ስለ- only, so the root is ቤተሰብ, and in ልጁ the suffix is -ኡ, so the root is ልጅ.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 23-33, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question gives a verb such as ሰራ and asks you to make a sentence with it.
Watch out
Shape the verb to match the subject before you finish the sentence. A bare dictionary verb such as ሰራ is not a complete sentence on its own.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 34-45, then checked twice before it went up
| Word | Synonym |
|---|---|
| አካባቢ | ሠፈር |
| መማር | ማወቅ |
| ተረዷት | ተገነዘቧት |
| መቆጨት | መጸጸት |
| አስተሳሰብ | አመለካከት |
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks for the synonym of a word from the listening passage 'የስራ ክፍፍል'.
Watch out
Match each pair by meaning, not by similar letters: አካባቢ means neighbourhood, so its synonym is ሠፈር, and መቆጨት (to regret) matches መጸጸት.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 34-45, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks you to pick out the nouns in sentences such as 'ትልቅ ዳቦ በላሁ።'
Watch out
Do not pick describing words such as ትልቅ (big) or ጥቁር (black). In ጥቁር ጫማ only ጫማ (shoe) is the noun, and በላሁ (I ate) is a verb, not a noun.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 34-45, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks you to name the kind of a describing word, or to complete a sentence with a suitable describing word.
Watch out
A describing word belongs to the kind of quality it gives: size (መጠን), colour (ቀለም), quantity (ብዛት), character (ባህሪ), shape (ቅርጽ) or group (ወገን). አያሌ, ሺህ, ብዙ and አንድ describe quantity, not size, so do not file them under መጠን.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 46-59, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when given jumbled sentences that must be arranged into one paragraph, or when writing the events of a day in order.
Watch out
Order follows the time sequence of the actions, not which sentence looks like an opening. A closing phrase such as በመጨረሻም (finally) belongs at the end of the paragraph.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 46-59, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a question asks which meaning a word carries in a sentence, or asks you to write sentences showing two meanings of one spelling.
Watch out
The spelling stays the same but the meaning depends on how it is read. በራ read with a drawl in ራሰ በራ means bald; read with firm stress in የሳሎኑ መብራት በራ it means gave light. When you give a meaning, match it to the reading.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 46-59, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks you to build a new word from a base word, such as a quality noun, a plural, or a word meaning 'relating to' a noun.
Watch out
Choose the suffix by the meaning asked. -ነት turns የዋህ into የዋህነት (the quality), -ኣዊ gives 'relating to' (አገራዊ, አባታዊ), and the plural of አገር is አገሮች, not a suffix added to the base word alone.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 60-73, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when you write a sentence or correct one, and must choose the verb form that matches its subject in person and number.
Watch out
Match the verb to the subject's number. 'እኔና አባቴ እንጦጦ ፓርክን ጎበኘን' takes a plural verb (ጎበኘን), not ጎበኘ. Likewise 'ሀኪሞች ሕሙማንን ትንከባከባለች' is wrong: the plural subject takes ይንከባከባሉ.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 60-73, then checked twice before it went up
| Word | Same meaning | Opposite meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ውድድር | ፉክክር | |
| ድርብ | እጥፍ | |
| ዕድል | አጋጣሚ | |
| ጀብደኛ | ጀግና | |
| ፈርጥ | ጌጥ | |
| ፈፀመ | አከናወነ | |
| ድል | ሽንፈት | |
| በረታ | ደከመ | |
| ተሸለመ | ተቀጣ | |
| ፈጠነ | ዘገየ | |
| ጀመረ | ጨረሰ |
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks for a word with the same or opposite meaning to a word from the 'ስፖርት' reading or vocabulary exercises.
Watch out
Give the opposite meaning as a different word, not a near-copy: the antonym of ድል is ሽንፈት, and ጀመረ is opposed by ጨረሰ, not by ዘገየ.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 60-73, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this when a set of scrambled Amharic sentences is given and you must put them in order to write one coherent paragraph.
Watch out
Keep the sentence given as the opening (መነሻ) first. The sentence about the father and the kiss at the school gate comes before the sentence where the girl enters the school, so placing the entering sentence earlier breaks the time sequence.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 74-86, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when you finish an Amharic sentence and need to check that the verb matches its subject, especially in exercises that ask you to correct agreement errors.
Watch out
A phrase such as በርካታ ሰዎች (many people) takes a plural verb, so write ኖሩ, not the singular ኖረ. The noun የቀን አቆጣጠር is masculine, so the verb must be ተለየ, not the feminine ተለየች.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 74-86, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a task asks you to write sentences using a describing word (ገላጭ), a noun and a verb, as in the example አረንጓዴ ሹራብ ተገዛልኝ.
Watch out
Put the describing word before the noun it describes, and make sure the verb form fits the person doing the action. A sentence that breaks this order or changes the verb form loses marks.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 87-100, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a sentence in the exercise has the same spelling but must be read with a tightened or loosened sound, and you must say which meaning each reading gives.
Watch out
The chapter pairs ጥፍር read tightened (ማጥበቅ) with ጥብቅ, meaning tight, as in ጥፍር አድርጎ አሰረው. Read loosened (ማላላት), ጥፍር means a body part. Reading it in one flat tone loses the second meaning.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 87-100, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when you join two full sentences that carry equal weight, or when the second sentence contrasts with, or results from, the first.
Watch out
Put the semicolon (፤) before linking words such as ነገር ግን, ይሁን እንጂ, ስለዚህ and በመሆኑም, and end the whole sentence with ። Example: ቃሪያ መመገብ እወዳለሁ፤ ነገር ግን ያቃጥለኛል።
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 101-114, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks you to write a paragraph describing a game, a process or a thing, using single sentences as the model in chapter 9 does.
Watch out
Give each sentence one clause and end it with ። The model paragraph about መጬ ተኬ uses ፡ in places where ። is needed, so do not copy its punctuation.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, pages 101-114, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks you to show two different meanings of one word, or to write a sentence giving a stated meaning.
Watch out
The same word changes meaning with its context. In the chapter, ደረሰ means 'arrived on time' in ወደቤቱ በጊዜ ደረሰ, but 'wrote' in መጽሐፍ ደረሰ. Give the meaning the question asks for, not the first meaning you remember.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, page 115 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
| Word | Synonym |
|---|---|
| መመዘኛ | መለኪያ |
| ውል | ስምምነት |
| መፈለግ | መሻት |
| ማመንጨት | ማፍለቅ |
| ክህሎት | ችሎታ |
When you use it
Use this when a vocabulary question asks you to match each word to its synonym (ተመሳሳይ ፍቻ).
Watch out
Match by meaning, not by list position: the synonym of ክህሎት is ችሎታ, whatever item sits beside it in the other column.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, page 115 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Reach for this when a question asks for the main message (ዋና መልዕክት) of a paragraph, or asks you to summarise a reading in your own sentences.
Watch out
Do not copy one detail sentence from the paragraph. The main message must cover the whole paragraph in one statement, as the model answer does: it names the item (እድር) and its importance.
Drafted from Grade 4 Amharic, page 115 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
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Ministry of Education edition, Amharic
142 pages
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