Grade 11 English unit 9: Indigenous Conflict Resolution

Paragraph 3 of the reading says that PDRMs have been marginalized since the 1950s and 1960s. This was the time when the imperial regime was codifying and modernizing the laws.

An idiom has a meaning that is different from the meanings of its single words. “Kill two birds with one stone” means that one action solves two problems at the same time.

An antonym is a word with the opposite meaning. The opposite of rude is polite. “Loud,” “quiet” and “rough” do not describe the opposite of bad manners.

“Never mind” is in the list of phrases for accepting apologies in the Language Tip. The other three are phrases for making an apology.

The listening text marks the statement “Conflict occurs in some kind of human relations only” as False. The other three statements are true according to the text.

Paragraph 2 says: “the institutions of Gadaa among the Oromo, the Shimgillina of the Amhara and other ethnic groups are practiced.” Gadaa belongs to the Oromo, not the Amhara.

The sentence before says, “both government officials and researchers have accepted the international and regional tendency…”. So “They” points back to government officials and researchers.

The past continuous is made with was/were + the -ing form. It describes an action that was going on when another action (the rain starting) interrupted it. So the answer is were playing.

The past perfect continuous (had been + -ing) shows an action that started in the past, continued up to another point in the past, and was still going on at that point. The breaking of the leg is that point. The word for is often used with this tense, as in the examples in the unit.

The unit says that in an expository text, “the thesis statement states the topic of your paper and lists the key aspects of your topic that will be discussed in the paper.” Cohesive devices are different: they connect ideas, but they are not the thesis.